Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/malwijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A causative verb related to *malaną. From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to beat; crush; grind”).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈmɑl.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*malwijaną[1][2]

  1. to crush, grind, break

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *malwijō *malwijaų — *malwijai ?
2nd singular *malwīsi *malwijais *malwī *malwijasai *malwijaisau
3rd singular *malwīþi *malwijai *malwijaþau *malwijaþai *malwijaiþau
1st dual *malwijōs *malwijaiw — — —
2nd dual *malwijaþiz *malwijaiþiz *malwijaþiz — —
1st plural *malwijamaz *malwijaim — *malwijanþai *malwijainþau
2nd plural *malwīþ *malwijaiþ *malwīþ *malwijanþai *malwijainþau
3rd plural *malwijanþi *malwijain *malwijanþau *malwijanþai *malwijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *malwidǭ *malwidēdį̄
2nd singular *malwidēz *malwidēdīz
3rd singular *malwidē *malwidēdī
1st dual *malwidēdū *malwidēdīw
2nd dual *malwidēdudiz *malwidēdīdiz
1st plural *malwidēdum *malwidēdīm
2nd plural *malwidēdud *malwidēdīd
3rd plural *malwidēdun *malwidēdīn
present past
participles *malwijandz *malwidaz

Descendants

  • Old Norse: mølva
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gamalwjan)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*malwjan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 352
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*malwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 258-259
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