Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nurþrōnijaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *nurþraz +‎ *-ōnijaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈnur.θrɔː.ni.jɑz/

Adjective

*nurþrōnijaz

northern

Inflection

Declension of *nurþrōnijaz (ja-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*nurþrōnijaz	*nurþrōnijō	*nurþrōniją, -atō	*nurþrōnijai	*nurþrōnijôz	*nurþrōnijō
accusative	*nurþrōnijanǭ	*nurþrōnijǭ	*nurþrōniją, -atō	*nurþrōnijanz	*nurþrōnijōz	*nurþrōnijō
genitive	*nurþrōnijas, -īs	*nurþrōnijaizōz	*nurþrōnijas, -īs	*nurþrōnijaizǫ̂	*nurþrōnijaizǫ̂	*nurþrōnijaizǫ̂
dative	*nurþrōnijammai	*nurþrōnijaizōi	*nurþrōnijammai	*nurþrōnijaimaz	*nurþrōnijaimaz	*nurþrōnijaimaz
instrumental	*nurþrōnijanō	*nurþrōnijaizō	*nurþrōnijanō	*nurþrōnijaimiz	*nurþrōnijaimiz	*nurþrōnijaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*nurþrōnijô	*nurþrōnijǭ	*nurþrōnijô	*nurþrōnijaniz	*nurþrōnijōniz	*nurþrōnijōnō
accusative	*nurþrōnijanų	*nurþrōnijōnų	*nurþrōnijô	*nurþrōnijanunz	*nurþrōnijōnunz	*nurþrōnijōnō
genitive	*nurþrōnīniz	*nurþrōnijōniz	*nurþrōnīniz	*nurþrōnijanǫ̂	*nurþrōnijōnǫ̂	*nurþrōnijanǫ̂
dative	*nurþrōnīni	*nurþrōnijōni	*nurþrōnīni	*nurþrōnijammaz	*nurþrōnijōmaz	*nurþrōnijammaz
instrumental	*nurþrōnīnē	*nurþrōnijōnē	*nurþrōnīnē	*nurþrōnijammiz	*nurþrōnijōmiz	*nurþrōnijammiz

Coordinate terms

compass point adjectives: ^[edit]

	nurþraz nurþrōnijaz
westraz westrōnijaz		austraz austrōnijaz
	sunþraz sunþrōnijaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *norþrōnī
- Old English: norþerne
  - Middle English: northerne, northern, northren, norþern, norþrene, northeren, northrene
    - English: northern
    - Scots: northern, nordern, northren
- Old High German: nordarōni, nordrōni
Old Norse: norrǿnn, norrœnn, norøn, norrœnn
- Icelandic: norrænn
- Faroese: norrønur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: norrøn, >? nordrøn
- ⇒ Middle Norwegian: nornskr m, nornst n (= nornskt)
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: norsk
- Old Swedish: noren, noræn
  - Swedish: norran
  - ⇒ Old Swedish: nornisker, norisker, norsker
    - Swedish: norsk
    - ⇒ Swedish: norska
- Old Danish: noræn
  - ⇒ Old Danish: nornst; norskæ pl
    - Danish: norsk, no. (abbreviation)
      - Norwegian Bokmål: norsk
- → Old English: Norren, Norn
  - Middle English: Norren, Norrein, Norn
    - Middle Scots: Norn, Nourne
      - Scots: Norn, Norne
      - → English: Norn
- → Swedish: norrön (learned)
- → Danish: norrøn (learned)
  - Norwegian Bokmål: norrøn

	nurþraz nurþrōnijaz
westraz westrōnijaz		austraz austrōnijaz
	sunþraz sunþrōnijaz