Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sīhwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to filter”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsiː.xʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sīhwaną^[1]^[2]

to filter

Inflection

Note: Voiced Verner alternant gw becomes w, but g next to u.

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*sīhwō	*sīhwaų	—	*sīhwai	?
2nd singular	*sīhwizi	*sīhwaiz	*sīhw	*sīhwazai	*sīhwaizau
3rd singular	*sīhwidi	*sīhwai	*sīhwadau	*sīhwadai	*sīhwaidau
1st dual	*sīhwōz	*sīhwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sīhwadiz	*sīhwaidiz	*sīhwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*sīhwamaz	*sīhwaim	—	*sīhwandai	*sīhwaindau
2nd plural	*sīhwid	*sīhwaid	*sīhwid	*sīhwandai	*sīhwaindau
3rd plural	*sīhwandi	*sīhwain	*sīhwandau	*sīhwandai	*sīhwaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*saihw	*siwį̄
2nd singular	*saiht	*siwīz
3rd singular	*saihw	*siwī
1st dual	*sigū	*siwīw
2nd dual	*sigudiz	*siwīdiz
1st plural	*sigum	*siwīm
2nd plural	*sigud	*siwīd
3rd plural	*sigun	*siwīn

	present	past
participles	*sīhwandz	*siwanaz

Derived terms

*saigijaną (original causative)
*saikijaną (secondary causative)
*sikkōną (zero-grade iterative)

Related terms

*saigraz
*sīganą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sīhwan
- Old English: sīon, sēon
  - Middle English: sihen, sien (merged with sīġan < Proto-Germanic *sīganą)
    - Scots: sye
    - English: sie
- Old Frisian: *sīa
- Old Saxon: *sīhan
  - Middle Low German: sîen
    - German Low German: sejen
- Old Dutch: *sīan
  - Middle Dutch: siën
    - Dutch: zien
      - Afrikaans: sien
      - Javindo: sien, siet
      - Jersey Dutch: zîn, zîne
    - Limburgish: zeen
- Old High German: sīhan
  - Middle High German: sīhen
    - German: seihen
    - Bavarian: siachen (southern dialect)
Old Norse: sía
- Icelandic: sía

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sīhwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sīxwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 329-330

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sīhwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sīxwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 329-330

[1]

[2]