Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stabnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstɑβ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From *stabnō (“voice”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*stabnijaną

  1. to make oneself be heard
  2. to tune an instrument
  3. to vote
Inflection
Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnijō *stabnijaų — *stabnijai ?
2nd singular *stabnīsi *stabnijais *stabnī *stabnijasai *stabnijaisau
3rd singular *stabnīþi *stabnijai *stabnijaþau *stabnijaþai *stabnijaiþau
1st dual *stabnijōs *stabnijaiw — — —
2nd dual *stabnijaþiz *stabnijaiþiz *stabnijaþiz — —
1st plural *stabnijamaz *stabnijaim — *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
2nd plural *stabnīþ *stabnijaiþ *stabnīþ *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
3rd plural *stabnijanþi *stabnijain *stabnijanþau *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnidǭ *stabnidēdį̄
2nd singular *stabnidēz *stabnidēdīz
3rd singular *stabnidē *stabnidēdī
1st dual *stabnidēdū *stabnidēdīw
2nd dual *stabnidēdudiz *stabnidēdīdiz
1st plural *stabnidēdum *stabnidēdīm
2nd plural *stabnidēdud *stabnidēdīd
3rd plural *stabnidēdun *stabnidēdīn
present past
participles *stabnijandz *stabnidaz
Alternative reconstructions
  • *stamnijaną
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *stabnijan
    • Old English: stemnan, stefnan
    • Old Frisian: *stemma
      • West Frisian: stimme
      • ⇒ Old Frisian: tōjēnisstemma
    • Old Saxon: *stemnian
    • Old Dutch: *stemnen
    • >? Old High German: *stimmen (< *stibnijan?)
      • Middle High German: stimmen
      • ⇒ Old High German: gistimmen
  • Old Norse: stefna

Etymology 2

From *stabnaz (“stem of a ship”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*stabnijaną

  1. to direct, steer
Inflection
Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnijō *stabnijaų — *stabnijai ?
2nd singular *stabnīsi *stabnijais *stabnī *stabnijasai *stabnijaisau
3rd singular *stabnīþi *stabnijai *stabnijaþau *stabnijaþai *stabnijaiþau
1st dual *stabnijōs *stabnijaiw — — —
2nd dual *stabnijaþiz *stabnijaiþiz *stabnijaþiz — —
1st plural *stabnijamaz *stabnijaim — *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
2nd plural *stabnīþ *stabnijaiþ *stabnīþ *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
3rd plural *stabnijanþi *stabnijain *stabnijanþau *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnidǭ *stabnidēdį̄
2nd singular *stabnidēz *stabnidēdīz
3rd singular *stabnidē *stabnidēdī
1st dual *stabnidēdū *stabnidēdīw
2nd dual *stabnidēdudiz *stabnidēdīdiz
1st plural *stabnidēdum *stabnidēdīm
2nd plural *stabnidēdud *stabnidēdīd
3rd plural *stabnidēdun *stabnidēdīn
present past
participles *stabnijandz *stabnidaz
Alternative reconstructions
  • *stamnijaną
Descendants
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