Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swa

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Uncertain.[3][4] Often derived from Proto-Indo-European *swé.[5][1] Alternatively, Dunkel reconstructs PIE *swa (“thus; like”).[6]

Compare Epic Greek ὥς (hṓs, “as, like”), Old Latin suad (“thus”).[7]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /swɑ/

Adverb

*swa[8][4]

  1. so, thus, in this manner

Derived terms

Descendants

In most descendants, this word merged with *swē.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *swā
    • Old English: swā
    • Old Frisian: sā
      • Saterland Frisian: so
      • West Frisian: sa
    • Old Saxon: sō
    • Old Dutch: sō
    • Old High German: sō
      • Middle High German: sō
        • Central Franconian: su, so
          • Luxembourgish: sou
        • German: so
  • Old Norse: svá
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰 (swa)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 331-2
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 397-8
  3. ^ Friedrich Kluge (2011) “so”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 25th edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 855
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “zo1”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎[2] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  5. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “swē”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 496-7
  6. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 763
  7. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὥς 3”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1683
  8. ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 65
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