Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wīdaz (“wide”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwiː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wīdijaną^[1]

to widen

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wīdijō	*wīdijaų	—	*wīdijai	?
2nd singular	*wīdīsi	*wīdijais	*wīdī	*wīdijasai	*wīdijaisau
3rd singular	*wīdīþi	*wīdijai	*wīdijaþau	*wīdijaþai	*wīdijaiþau
1st dual	*wīdijōs	*wīdijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wīdijaþiz	*wīdijaiþiz	*wīdijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wīdijamaz	*wīdijaim	—	*wīdijanþai	*wīdijainþau
2nd plural	*wīdīþ	*wīdijaiþ	*wīdīþ	*wīdijanþai	*wīdijainþau
3rd plural	*wīdijanþi	*wīdijain	*wīdijanþau	*wīdijanþai	*wīdijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wīdidǭ	*wīdidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wīdidēz	*wīdidēdīz
3rd singular	*wīdidē	*wīdidēdī
1st dual	*wīdidēdū	*wīdidēdīw
2nd dual	*wīdidēdudiz	*wīdidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wīdidēdum	*wīdidēdīm
2nd plural	*wīdidēdud	*wīdidēdīd
3rd plural	*wīdidēdun	*wīdidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*wīdijandz	*wīdidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wīdijan
- Old English: *wīdan
  - Middle English: widen
- Old Saxon: *wīdian
  - Middle Low German: wīden
- Old Dutch: *wīden
  - Middle Dutch: widen
    - Dutch: wijden (obsolete)
      - ⇒ Dutch: uitwijden
      - ⇒ Dutch: verwijden
- Old High German: wīten
  - Middle High German: wīten
    - German: weiten
Old Norse: víða
- Icelandic: víða
- Norwegian:
  Bokmål: vide
  
  Nynorsk: vide
- Danish: vide

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wīdjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[Orel-1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wīdjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[1]