Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wainōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wai (“woe! (expression of anguish)”) +‎ *-inōną (“verbal suffix”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɑi̯.nɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wainōną

to cry, to lament, to grieve

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wainō	*wainǭ	—	*wainōi	?
2nd singular	*wainōsi	*wainōs	*wainō	*wainōsai	*wainōsau
3rd singular	*wainōþi	*wainō	*wainōþau	*wainōþai	*wainōþau
1st dual	*wainōs	*wainōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wainōþiz	*wainōþiz	*wainōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wainōmaz	*wainōm	—	*wainōnþai	*wainōnþau
2nd plural	*wainōþ	*wainōþ	*wainōþ	*wainōnþai	*wainōnþau
3rd plural	*wainōnþi	*wainōn	*wainōnþau	*wainōnþai	*wainōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wainōdǭ	*wainōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*wainōdēz	*wainōdēdīz
3rd singular	*wainōdē	*wainōdēdī
1st dual	*wainōdēdū	*wainōdēdīw
2nd dual	*wainōdēdudiz	*wainōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*wainōdēdum	*wainōdēdīm
2nd plural	*wainōdēdud	*wainōdēdīd
3rd plural	*wainōdēdun	*wainōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*wainōndz	*wainōdaz

Synonyms

*kwainōną

Derived terms

*wainōniz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wainōn
- Old English: wānian
  - Middle English: wanien, weinen, wonien, wonen
    - English: ween (Northern England)
    - Scots: ween
- Old Frisian: wēnia, wainia, weinia
  - North Frisian: weynen
  - West Frisian: weine
- Old Saxon: wēnon, weinōn
  - Middle Low German: wēnen, weinen
    - Low German: weinen
      - German Low German: wenen
- Old Dutch: wēnon
  - Middle Dutch: wênen
    - Dutch: wenen
      - Afrikaans: ween
    - Limburgish: weine, wiene, wèène
- Old High German: weinōn
  - Middle High German: weinen
    - German: weinen
Old Norse: veina
- Icelandic: veina
- Old Swedish: vēna

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wainaga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567: “*wainōn-”

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wainaga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567: “*wainōn-”

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