Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *worós (“attentive”), from *wer- (“to heed; be watchful”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwɑ.rɑz/

Adjective

*waraz

  1. cautious; heedful; wary; watchful

Inflection

Declension of *waraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *waraz *warō *warą, -atō *warai *warôz *warō
accusative *waranǭ *warǭ *warą, -atō *waranz *warōz *warō
genitive *waras, -is *waraizōz *waras, -is *waraizǫ̂ *waraizǫ̂ *waraizǫ̂
dative *warammai *waraizōi *warammai *waraimaz *waraimaz *waraimaz
instrumental *waranō *waraizō *waranō *waraimiz *waraimiz *waraimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *warô *warǭ *warô *waraniz *warōniz *warōnō
accusative *waranų *warōnų *warô *waranunz *warōnunz *warōnō
genitive *wariniz *warōniz *wariniz *waranǫ̂ *warōnǫ̂ *waranǫ̂
dative *warini *warōni *warini *warammaz *warōmaz *warammaz
instrumental *warinē *warōnē *warinē *warammiz *warōmiz *warammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *war
    • Old English: wær
    • Old Frisian: war, ware
      • ⇒ West Frisian: warskôgje
    • Old Saxon: war
    • Old Dutch: *war
      • Middle Dutch: waer (in compounds: waerschuwen, ontware, ontwaer, etc.)
    • Old High German: war
  • Old Norse: varr
  • Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃 (wars)
  • → Proto-Finnic: *vara (< *warō)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wara-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 574
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