Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dʰe

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    Possibly derived from *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to put, place”).[1]

    Suffix

    *-dʰe ~ *-dʰi[2][3][4][1][5]

    1. locative suffix

    Derived terms

    • *-dʰe-m[1] (+ ablatival *-m)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰen
    • *-dʰe éh₁[1]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-dʰáH
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-dʰáH
          • Sanskrit: -धा (-dhā́)
    • *kú-dʰe
    • *me-dʰi
    • *sm̥-dʰé (“together, with”)

    Descendants

    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-de
      • Proto-Slavic: *-de
    • Proto-Germanic: *-þ (directive suffix)[1]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰe, *-tʰi
      • Ancient Greek: -θε (-the), -θι (-thi)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-dʰa[6][1]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-dʰa
        • Sanskrit: -ध (-dha), -ह (-ha)
    • Proto-Italic: *-ðei (Italic innovation,[7][8] possibly influenced by the thematic loc.sg. ending *-ei)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*-dʰe/i”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 120-127
    2. ^ Shields, Kenneth C. (1992) A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; 88), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 34
    3. ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, § 6.18.: Other case-like elements, page 107
    4. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, §17.1.3: Substantives and adjectives with a suffix, page 246
    5. ^ Kapović, Mate (2017) “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 81: “*-dʰe”
    6. ^ Goto, Toshifumi (2013) Old Indo-Aryan Morphology and its Indo-Iranian Background (Veroffentlichungen zur Iranistik; 60)‎[1], Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, § 4.2.: Adverbial suffixes, pages 145-146
    7. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ubī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 636
    8. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 260
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