Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ewg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    Possibly from *h₂weg-, of which the zero grade *h₂ug- was reanalysed as having the ablaut vowel before the -w- rather than after it, creating a new variant form of the root. The original root remained in use, however.

    According to the German tradition,[1] however, it was the other way around: *h₂weks- ~ *h₂wegs- is a neo-root arisen (probably already in PIE) through the reanalysis of a schwebeablauting formation in -s- (an inchoative?) from *h₂ewg-.

    Root

    *h₂ewg-[1][2]

    1. to increase, to enlarge
    2. to become strong

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ewg- (33 c, 0 e)
    • *h₂éwg-e-ti (thematic root present)
      • Proto-Armenian: *awčémi
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *augtei
      • Proto-Germanic: *aukaną (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂ug-s-é-ti
    • *h₂owg-éye-ti ~ *h₂ewg-éye-ti (causative)[4]
      • Proto-Italic: *augeō (with irregular change o > a) (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂éwg-os ~ *h₂éwg-es-os
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háwǰas (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *augos
    • *h₂ug-ró-s (“strong, fierce”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hugrás (see there for further descendants)
    • Unsorted formations:
      • Albanian:
        • Proto-Albanian: *(h)aug-
          • Albanian: ag
      • (possibly) Proto-Germanic: *auk (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwakšáyati
        • Proto-Iranian: *Hwaxšáyati
          • Avestan: 𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬍 (uxšiieitī, “grows”), 𐬬𐬀𐬑𐬱𐬙 (vaxšt, “lets grow”)
          • Middle Persian: [script needed] (waxšīdan, “to grow”)
      • Italic:
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • >? Venetic: 𐌀𐌖𐌙𐌀𐌓 (augar)
      • →? Proto-Finnic: *kasvadak (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 274-5
    2. ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎[1]
    3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 170
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “augeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

    Further reading

    • Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 258
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 278
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