Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spéḱs
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *speḱ- (“to see, look”) + *-s (root nominal suffix).
Noun
*spéḱs m[1]
Inflection
Only the e-grade of this root noun is securely attested (in Latin -spex compounds). The declension ablaut is thus ambiguous. If this paradigm had e-grade/zero ablaut, it would be:
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *spéḱs | ||
| genitive | *spḱés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *spéḱs | *spéḱh₁(e) | *spéḱes |
| vocative | *spéḱ | *spéḱh₁(e) | *spéḱes |
| accusative | *spéḱm̥ | *spéḱh₁(e) | *spéḱm̥s |
| genitive | *spḱés | *? | *spḱóHom |
| ablative | *spḱés | *? | *spḱmós, *spḱbʰós |
| dative | *spḱéy | *? | *spḱmós, *spḱbʰós |
| locative | *spéḱ, *spéḱi | *? | *spḱsú |
| instrumental | *spḱéh₁ | *? | *spḱmís, *spḱbʰís |
Weiss, accepting Ancient Greek σκώψ (skṓps) as related, reconstructs the following acrostatic paradigm:[2]
| Athematic, acrostatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *spóḱs | ||
| genitive | *spéḱs | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *spóḱs | *spóḱh₁(e) | *spóḱes |
| vocative | *spóḱ | *spóḱh₁(e) | *spóḱes |
| accusative | *spóḱm̥ | *spóḱh₁(e) | *spóḱm̥s |
| genitive | *spéḱs | *? | *spéḱoHom |
| ablative | *spéḱs | *? | *spéḱmos, *spéḱbʰos |
| dative | *spéḱey | *? | *spéḱmos, *spéḱbʰos |
| locative | *spéḱ, *spéḱi | *? | *spéḱsu |
| instrumental | *spéḱh₁ | *? | *spéḱmis, *spéḱbʰis |
Alternative reconstructions
- *spóḱs[2]
Descendants
- Hellenic:
- >? Ancient Greek: σκώψ (skṓps) (with analogical long vowel?)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spáćš (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *speks (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “haruspex, -icis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 280
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weiss, Michael L. (2009) Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin[1], Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, pages 259-260