Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ters-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *ters-[1][2][3][4][5][6]

    1. dry

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ters- (52 c, 0 e)
    • *térs-e-tor (deponent thematic root present)[1]
      • Proto-Germanic: *þersaną (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic:
    • *tr̥s-yé-ti (yé-present)[1]
    • *tors-éye-ti (causative)[1][2][4] (see there for further descendants)
    • *tr̥s-eh₁(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative)[1][4]
      • Proto-Germanic:
      • Proto-Italic: *torz-ēō
        • Latin: torrēns (see there for further descendants)
    • *ters-o-[5]
      • Proto-Italic: *terzā, *terzom
        • Latin: terra (see there for further descendants)
        • Oscan: 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌔 (teras), 𐌕𐌄𐌄𐌓𐌞𐌌 (teerúm), 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌞𐌌 (terúm), 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌝𐌔 (tereís), 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌝 (tereí)
    • *tērs-os or root noun *tḗrs[5][6]
      • Proto-Celtic: *tīros (see there for further descendants)
        • *tīrs-es-mi-
          • Old Irish: tírimm, tirimm
    • *tr̥s-ḱós
      • Proto-Germanic: *þurskaz (“cod”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *ters-kʷo-
      • Proto-Celtic: *terskos
        • Old Irish: terc
          • Irish: tearc
      • >? Latin: *te(r)skʷom
    • *térs-ti-s ~ *tr̥s-téy-s
      • Proto-Germanic: *þurstiz (see there for further descendants)
    • *térs-tu-s ~ *tr̥s-téw-s
      • Proto-Celtic: *tartus (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *þurstuz (see there for further descendants)
    • *térs-us
      • Proto-Celtic:
      • Proto-Germanic: *þursuz (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táršuš
        • Proto-Iranian: *táršuš
          • Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎 (taršu)
          • Middle Persian: tšknk'[7]
          • →? Old Armenian: թաշկինակ (tʻaškinak)[7]
      • Proto-Italic:
    • *tr̥s-nós
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tŕ̥šnas (see there for further descendants)
    • *tr̥s-ós (“flat surface for drying food”)[8]
      • Proto-Armenian:
        • Middle Armenian: թառ (tʻaṙ) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *þarzṓ
        • Old High German: darra (“apparatus for drying fruits, etc.”)
        • Old Norse:
          • Norwegian: tarre (“frame for drying malts, etc.”)
          • Swedish: tarre
      • Proto-Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: ταρσός (tarsós, “cheese hurdle; flat surface, board, blade, sole, palm”)
    • *tr̥s-tós
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tr̥štás
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tr̥ṣṭás
          • Sanskrit: तृष्ट (tṛṣṭá)
      • Proto-Italic: *torstos
        • Latin: torstus, tostus (see there for further descendants)
    • Other formations:

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 637-638
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) “ter”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 384
    3. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “torreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 634-635
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “terra”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 616
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379–380
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 247
    8. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ταρσός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1453–1454
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