Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weh₂g-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*weh₂g-

to make a harsh sound
to shatter, to break asunder

Reconstruction notes

Sometimes associated with Sanskrit वज्र (vájra, “thunderbolt, diamond”), which would require a stem *weh₂ǵ- and exclude Sanskrit वग्नु (vagnú) and the Lithuanian lemmas. But vájra is usually thought to derive from *weǵ- (“strong, lively”).

Derived terms

*uh₂g-mós
- Proto-Hellenic: *wagmós
  - Ancient Greek: ἀγμός (agmós, “fracture; crag, cliff”)
*uh₂g-néw-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *wágnūmi
  - Ancient Greek: ἄγνῡμι (ágnūmi, “break, shatter”)
*wéh₂g-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: vāgiō (“wail”)
*weh₂g-n-ús
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Sanskrit: वग्नु (vagnú, “sound, noise”)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒉿𒀀𒆠 (wa-a-ki /⁠wāki⁠/, “bites”) (possibly)
- Palaic: [script needed] (wa-ak-ka₄-kán-ta, “broke”, 3rd person plural preterite active)
Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: vogrėti, vograuti (“grumble, growl, snarl”), vogra (“grumbler”)
Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: wāk- (“burst, split asunder”)
- Tocharian B: wāk- (“burst, split asunder”)

References

Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “wāk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 635–636
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄγνυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 13–14
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vāgiō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 649
Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯āk-ⁱ / u̯akk-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 939–940
Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. u̯ā̆g-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1110