Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kšatrám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

    Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *tk-e-tróm, from *tek- (“to obtain”).[1] Equivalent to the root of *kšáyati +‎ *-trám.

    Noun

    *kšatrám n

    1. kingdom, dominion, empire
    2. rule, reign

    Inflection

    neuter a-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *kšatrám *kšatráy *kšatráH
    vocative *kšátram *kšátray *kšátraH
    accusative *kšatrám *kšatráy *kšatráH
    instrumental *kšatráH *kšatráybʰyā(m) *kšatrā́yš
    ablative *kšatrā́t *kšatráybʰyā(m) *kšatráybʰyas
    dative *kšatrā́y *kšatráybʰyā(m) *kšatráybʰyas
    genitive *kšatrásya *kšatráyās *kšatrā́naHam
    locative *kšatráy *kšatráyaw *kšatráyšu
    • *kšáyati

    Descendants

    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣatrám
    • Proto-Iranian: *xšaθram
      • Central Iranian
      • Northeastern Iranian:
        • Proto-Scythian:
          • Khotanese: [Term?] (/⁠kṣāra⁠/)
          • Proto-Sarmatian:
            • Ossetian:
            • Iron Ossetian: ӕхсар (æxsar)
            • Digor Ossetian: ӕхсарӕ (æxsaræ)
      • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Northwestern Iranian:
        • Kurdish:
          Central Kurdish: شار (şar)
          Northern Kurdish: şar
        • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
          • Proto-Komisenian:
            • Sangisari: شر (šar)
          • Parthian: 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓 (ḥštr /⁠xšahr⁠/)

    References

    1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*xšaH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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