Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hácru

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru.

Noun

*Hácru[1]

  1. tear

Inflection

neuter u-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Hácru *HácrwiH *HácruH
vocative *Hácru *HácrwiH *HácruH
accusative *Hácru *HácrwiH *HácruH
instrumental *HćrúH *Hćrúbʰyā(m) *Hćrúbʰiš
ablative *Hćráwš *Hćrúbʰyā(m) *Hćrúbʰyah
dative *Hćráway *Hćrúbʰyā(m) *Hćrúbʰyah
genitive *Hćráwš *Hćruwā́h *HćruHnáHam
locative *Hćrā́w *Hćruwáw *Hćrúšu

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: *asru
      • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥 (asrūazan)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Sogdiac
      • Sogdian: (/⁠ačku~ čašku⁠/) (>*Hácrukah) [2] [3]
        Sogdian script: 𐼿𐽁𐼸𐼴‎ (cškw‎)
        Syriac script: ܐܨܦܘ (ʾckw)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: اوښه (óẍa), اوخه (úxa)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: ارس (ars)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: hês(t)ir
      Central Kurdish: ئەسر (esr) (as in ئەسرین (esrîn))
      Southern Kurdish: ئەسر (esr)
      Laki: ئەسر (esr)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Caspian:
        • Gilaki: ارسو (arsu)
        • Mazanderani: اسری (asri)
      • Parthian:
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫢𐫐 (ʾšk /⁠ašk⁠/)
        • → Classical Persian: اشک (ašk)
          Dari: اشک (ašk)
          Iranian Persian: اشک (ašk)
          Tajik: ашҡ
      • Zaza-Gurani:
        Gurani: ھەرسی (harsī)
        Zazaki: hers(î)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Early Middle Persian: (/⁠asr⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫡 (ʾsr)
      • Late Middle Persian: (/⁠ars⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫘 (ʾrs)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾls)
        • Classical Persian: ارس (ars)
    • Luri:
      Northern Luri: ںسر (əser)
      Bakhtiari: هںرس (hərs)
      • Aligudarzi: ںرس (ərs)
      Southern Luri: خںرس (xərs)
    • Larestani: خَرس (xars)

References

  1. ^ Hassandoust, Mohammad (2002/2003–) “اَرْس”, in Bahman Sarkarati, editor, Farhang-e riše-šenâxti-ye zabân-e Farsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language] (in Persian), Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, →ISBN, page 78
  2. ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “cškw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 129
  3. ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾckw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 24
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