Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hapáθniH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH (whence Sanskrit सपत्नी (sapatnī, “co-wife”)), from *sa- (“together, co-”) +‎ *pátniH (“wife”), from Proto-Indo-European *pótnih₂ (“wife”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πότνια (pótnia, “mistress, lady”).

Noun

*hapáθniH f^[1]^[2]^[3]

co-wife

Inflection

yaH-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*hapáθniH	*hapáθniH	*hapáθniHš
vocative	*hapáθni	*hapáθniH	*hapáθniHš
accusative	*hapáθniHm	*hapáθniH	*hapáθniHš
instrumental	*hapáθnyaH	*hapáθniHbʰyā(m)	*hapáθniHbʰiš
ablative	*hapáθnyaHh	*hapáθniHbʰyā(m)	*hapáθniHbʰyah
dative	*hapáθnyay	*hapáθniHbʰyā(m)	*hapáθniHbʰyah
genitive	*hapáθnyaHh	*hapáθniHāh	*hapáθniHnaHam
locative	*hapáθnyaH	*hapáθniHaw	*hapáθniHsu

Derived terms

*hapáθniHaHčah^[4]
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: اپن (apan(a))
  - Sogdian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫗𐫀𐫗𐫝 (pnʾnc /⁠panānč⁠/)
    - → Classical Persian: بنانج (banānǰ), گولانج (gôlânj)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Ossetian: бин (bin)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Kaniguram: ون (wan)
- Pashto: بن (bën)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: ہپوک (hapók)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ھەوێ (hewê)
  
  Northern Kurdish: hewî, hêwî
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: آویستی (āvisti)
    - Mazanderani: وسنی (vasnī)
    - Shahmirzadi: اوزین (uzīn)
    - Talysh: әвәсны, əvəsnı
  - Proto-Komisenian:
    - Lasgerdi: اوزنی (ovezni)
    - Sangisari: اوزنی (ozni)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫁𐫇𐫃 (ʾbwg /⁠aβōγ⁠/)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/⁠habōg; hambašn⁠/)
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hbwk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hnbšn')
  
  Pazend script: 𐬑𐬀𐬬𐬋 (xavō)
  - Lurish:
    Bakhtiari: هبو (habbū), هوو (havu)
    
    Northern Luri: هاوو (hāvū)
  - Classical Persian: هبو (habō)
    Iranian Persian: هوو (havū)
    
    Tajik: ҳавӯ (havü)
Unsorted borrowings:
- → Classical Persian: آموسنی (āmūsnī, āmwisnī), وسنی (wasnī, usnī), باوسنی (bāwsnī), اموسنی (amūsnī, amwisnī) (?), آسی (āsī)
- →? Old Armenian: ամուսին (amusin)

References

^ Windfuhr, Gernot (2010) The Iranian Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Oxon, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 341
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 349–350
^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 252–254
^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 114

[1] Windfuhr, Gernot (2010) The Iranian Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Oxon, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 341

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 349–350

[3] Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 252–254

[4] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 114

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