Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/baqəʀu

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh.

Adjective

*baqəʀu

new (recently made or created)

Descendants

Proto-Philippine: *baqʀu (see there for further descendants)
Basap–Barito
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Yakan: ba'ahu, bahu
  - Sulu
    - Pangutaran Sama: bahu
    - Central Sama: baha'u
    - Southern Sama: bahau
  - Borneo Coast
    - Mapun: bahau
    - West Coast Bajau: bau, bahau
    - Indonesian Bajau: bau, babau, babao
- Basap: baru
- East Barito
  - Dusun Witu: wa'o
  - Ma'anyan: wa'u, ba'u
  - Malagasy: vao
- West Barito
  - Ngaju: haru
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Ida'an: bagku
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Central Dusun: wagu
    - Coastal Kadazan: vagu
    - Rungus: vagu
  - Murutic
    - Timugon Murut: bagu
    - Tagal Murut: bahu
    - Burusu: bagu
  - Paitanic
    - Tombonuo: wagu
    - Upper Kinabatangan: wagu
- North Sarawakan
  - Bintulu: vaw
  - Dayic
    - Kelabit: beruh
    - Lun Bawang: beruh
- Central Sarawakan
  - Melanau
    - Central Melanau: ba'ou
    - Balingian Melanau: bahou
  - Kajang
    - Sekapan: baʔəw
    - Kajaman: baʔəw
    - Lahanan: bau
Land Dayak
- Benyadu–Bekati'
  - Benyadu': bahu
  - Bekati': bahṵː
  - Sara: bau
- Bidayuh
  - Bau Bidayuh: ba'uh
  - Biatah Bidayuh: bauh
  - Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: bauh
- Southern Land Dayak
  - Ribun: baoh
  - Sanggau: baoh
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Northern
    - Dairi Batak: rembaru, rimbaru
    - Karo Batak: baru
  - Southern
    - Angkola Batak: baru
    - Mandailing Batak: baru
    - Simalungun Batak: baru
    - Toba Batak: baru
- Gayo: baru
- Mentawai: bau
- Nias: bohou
- Simeulue: afalu
Rejang: blau
Lampungic
- Lampung Api: bahyu
Moklenic
- Moken: keloy
- Moklen: kləi
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malayo-Chamic
  - Proto-Chamic: *bahrɔw (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Malayic: *baharu (see there for further descendants)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: ᬩᬯᬸ (bau)
  - Sasak: baru
  - Sumbawa: beru
- Sundanese: bahayu
Old Javanese: wāhu, wahu
- > Javanese: ꦮꦲꦸ (wau) (inherited)
- ⇒ Javanese: ꦮꦲꦺ (waé), ꦧꦲꦺ (baé), ꦲꦲꦺ (aé)
South Sulawesi
- Bugis–Tamanic
  - Buginese: baru
  - Embaloh: baru
- Makassaric
  - Makasar: beru
- Seko
  - Seko Padang: baru
- Northern
  - Mandar: baru
  - Mamuju: bakaru, bakahu
  - Massenrempulu
    - Duri: baru
  - Toraja
    - Tae': ba'ru
    - Toraja-Sa'dan: ba'ru, bakaru
    - Mamasa: bakaru
  - Pitu Ulunna Salu
    - Aralle-Tabulahan: bakahu
    - Bambam: bakahu
Celebic
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Eastern
    - Banggai: boolu
    - Balantak: u'uru
  - Western
    - Saluan: buqou
- Bungku–Tolaki
  - Eastern
    - Mori Bawah: wo'u, wo'ohu
  - Western
    - Interior
      - Mori Atas: wo'u
      - Padoe: woou, wo'u
    - West Coast
      - Kodeoha: wuohu
      - Tolaki: wo'ohu, wu'ohu
- Kaili–Pamona
  - Northern
    - Da'a Kaili: bou
    - Pamona: wo'u
  - Southern
    - Uma: bo'u
    - Badaic
      - Bada: wóꞌu
      - Napu: wou
- Muna–Buton
  - Buton
    - Cia-Cia: vukou
    - Kumbewaha: wukou
    - Lasalimu: wukou
  - Munic
    - Muna: bughou, bu'ou
    - Kioko: wu'ou
  - Tukangbesi–Bonerate
    - Bonerate: wo'ou
    - Tukang Besi South: ɸoʔou
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Tajio: vou
  - Tomini: bou
  - Totoli: bobou
- Wotu–Wolio
  - Wotu: warru
  - Wolio: baau
  - Laiyolo: bau
    - → Selayar: bau
Chamorro: på'go
Palauan: beches
Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Bima: bou
  - Sumba–Flores
    - Laboya: beru, ber
    - Manggarai: weru
    - Rembong: waru
  - Flores–Lembata
    - Adonara: wu'u
  - Kei–Tanimbar
    - Fordata: veru
    - Arguni: popʷaro
  - Central Maluku
    - East Central Maluku
      - Banda–Geser
        Geser-Gorom: wouwou
      - Nunusaku
        Asilulu: helu
        
        Laha (Indonesia): heru
    - West Central Maluku
      - Buru (Indonesia): fehu
      - Taliabu: fohu
  - Timoric
    - Galoli: heyu
    - Helong: balu
    - Kisar: worworu
    - Leti: waru
    - Tetum: foun
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - South Halmahera–West New Guinea
    - Mor (Austronesian): behaʔú
    - Waropen: boa, woa
    - Cenderawasih Bay
      - Biakic
        Biak: babo
        
        Dusner: vavou
      - Yapen
        East
        Kurudu: woru
        
        Central–West
        Ambai: vevoru, waworu
        
        Ansus: veworu, vevoru, waworu
        
        Munggui: baboru
        
        Pom: vaworu
        
        Serui-Laut: vavoru
        
        Wandamen: vavoru, baboru
        
        Woi: vevoru
    - Halmahera Sea
      - Ma'ya–Matbat:
        Matbat: wa³w
      - South
        Buli (Indonesia): po
        
        Gane: pou
        
        East Makian: powo
  - Proto-Oceanic: *paqoʀu (see there for further descendants)

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *baqeRuh.
Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Kamholz, D.C. (2014) Austronesians in Papua: Diversification and Change in South Halmahera–West New Guinea‎^[1], Berkeley: University of California, page 162
Smith, A. (2017) The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification, dissertation, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.