Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/taqun

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /taʔun/, /taqun/

Noun

*taqun

year (time it takes for the Earth to complete one revolution of the Sun)

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Central Maluku:
    - Alune: taune
  - Sumba–Flores:
    - Anakalangu: daungu
    - Kambera: ndaungu
    - Sabu: tau
  - Timoric:
    - Galoli: ton
    - Uab Meto: tɔn
  - → Eritai: ton
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *taun (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Oceanic: *taqun
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        Fijian: tau
        Proto-Polynesian: *taqu
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: kau
        Mangarevan: tau
        North Marquesan: tau
        South Marquesan: tau
        Rapa Nui: ta'u
        Tahitic:
        Maori: tau
        Rarotongan: tau
        Tahitian: tau
        Tuamotuan: tau
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean-Outlier:
        Kapingamarangi: tau
        Pileni: tau
        Sikaiana: tau
        Takuu: tau
        Tuvaluan: tau
        Futunic:
        Anuta: tau
        East Futuna: tau
        Futuna-Aniwa: tau
        Mele-Fila: tau
        Tikopia: tau
        West Uvean: tau
        Samoic:
        Samoan: tau
        Tokelauan: tau
        Tongic:
        Niuafo'ou: taʻu
        Niuean: tau
        Tongan: taʻu
        Rotuman: fau
      - Micronesian: *tau
      - Southern Oceanic:
        Hiw: to
        Mota: tau
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Meso-Melanesian:
        Tolai: taun
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Greater Barito:
  - - East Barito:
    - Malagasy: taona
  - Sama-Bajaw:
    - Mapun: taun
- North Borneo:
  - Northeast Sabah:
    - Ida'an: tahun
  - Southwest Sabah:
    - Dusunic:
      - Central Dusun: toun
      - Coastal Kadazan: toun
      - Rungus: toun
    - Paitanic:
      - Tombonuo: toun
- Proto-Philippine: *taqun
  - Greater Central Philippine:
    - Central Philippine:
      - Bikol Central: taón
      - Tagalog: taón
    - Danao:
      - Maranao: taon
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
      - Gorontalo: taawunu
      - Kaidipang: taungo
      - Mongondow: taong
    - Manobo:
      - Binukid: taun
    - Palawanic:
      - Molbog: toun
      - Palawan Batak: taón
  - Kalamian:
    - Agutaynen: takon
  - Northern Luzon:
    - Ilocano: tawén
      - → Isnag: tawán
    - Meso-Cordilleran:
      - Batad Ifugao: tawón
      - Ibaloi: tawen
      - Kankanaey: taón
      - Pangasinan: taón
    - Northeastern Luzon:
      - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: taon
- Celebic:
  - Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *taquN
    - Kulisusu: ta'u
    - Mori Bawah: ta'u
    - Tolaki: tau
  - Kaili–Pamona:
    - Pamona: ta'u
  - Muna–Buton:
    - Bonerate: ta'u
    - Cia-Cia: taku
    - Muna: taghu
  - Saluan–Banggai:
    - Andio: taun
    - Banggai: taum
  - Tomini–Totoli:
    - Tomini: toung
    - Totoli: taon
  - Wotu–Wolio:
    - Wolio: tao
- Moklenic:
  - Moken: takon
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Batak:
    - Karo Batak: tahun
    - Toba Batak: taon
  - Gayo: tun
  - Simeulue: taun
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa:
    - Sasak: taun
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    - Proto-Chamic: *thun
      - Acehnese: thon
      - Coastal Chamic:
        Cham:
        Eastern Cham: ꨔꨭꩆ (thun)
        Western Cham: thŭn
      - Highlands Chamic:
        Chru-Northern Chamic:
        Chru: thun
        Northern Chamic:
        Northern Roglai: thut
        Tsat: tʰun³³
        Bih: thŭn
        Jarai: thŭn
        Rade: thŭn
    - Proto-Malayic:
      - Iban: taun
      - Malay: tahun
        Indonesian: tahun
        
        → Maranao: tahon
        
        → Tausug: tahun
        
        → Yakan: tahun
  - Sundanese: taun
- Old Javanese: tahun
- Proto-South Sulawesi:
  - Buginese: taung
  - Makasar: taung
  - Mandar: taung
  - Tae': taun