Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/tə-ŋguʔ

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *d-kəw (Chou, 1972); *dkʷjəɣʷ (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d/s-kəw (Matisoff, 2003, STEDT; Mortensen, 2012); *s-kwa (Matisoff, 2003); *d-kuw (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; Matisoff, 1983; LaPolla, 1987; Weidert, 1987)

Numeral

**Proto-Sino-Tibetan numbers ^(edit)**
← 8	9	10 → ^{[a], [b]}
Cardinal: *tə-ŋguʔ

*tə-ŋguʔ

nine

Reconstruction notes

Tibetan and rGyalrongic force the reconstruction of both a dental pre-initial and a nasal pre-initial.
The voiceless initial velar in Old Chinese remains a thorny issue. rGyalrongic, Tibetan and Burmese all instead imply a voiced velar initial.

Descendants

Chinese: 九 (OC /*kuʔ/ (B-S; ZS)) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Tibeto-Burman:
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodic:
    - Tibetan: དགུ (dgu)
  - Eastern Bodish:
    - Kurtöp: དོ་གོ (dogo)
Lolo-Burmese:
- Burmish:
  - Achang: gau
  - Burmese: ကိုး (kui:)
- Proto-Loloish:
  - Nuosu: ꈬ (ggu)
rGyalrongic
- West rGyalrongic
  - Tangut: 𗢭 (*gjɨ̱¹)
Naic
- Proto-Naish: *ŋgu
  - Naxi: ggv (/⁠(ŋ)ɡv̩³³⁠/)
  - Narua: ggu (/⁠gv̩˧⁠/)
Jingpho-Asakian
- Jingpho: jahku
Boro-Garo
- Garo: sku (“nine”)
- Kokborok: chuku (“nine”)
- Atong (India): chykhyw (“nine”)
→ Proto-Karen: *khwiᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: ခွံ (khwee)