Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ťuďь
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *ťudь (“foreign people”) + *-jь (attested in Old East Slavic чудь (čudĭ, “Chud people”), an exonym for Baltic Finns), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”) via:[1]
- Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda, “people”), from Proto-Germanic *þeudō, or
- Fluctuation/dissimilation of *ťut- (compare Slavic *tvьrdъ : Lithuanian tvi̇̀rtas)
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tautà (“people”), Latvian tàuta (“people”), tauto (“people”). Probably also cognate with Hungarian tót (“Slavic person (Slovak, Croat)”).
For the meaning compare *ľudьskъ (“foreign”) (< *ľudъ/*ľudь (“people”)), Polish obcy (“unfamiliar”) (< *obьťь (“common”)) and also Tocharian A lyutan (“loca externa”)
Adjective
Declension
Accent paradigm с.
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ťuďь | *ťuďa | *ťuďe |
| genitive | *ťuďa | *ťuďę̇ | *ťuďa |
| dative | *ťuďu | *ťuďi | *ťuďu |
| accusative | *ťuďь | *ťuďǫ | *ťuďe |
| instrumental | *ťuďemь | *ťuďejǫ | *ťuďemь |
| locative | *ťuďi | *ťuďi | *ťuďi |
| vocative | *ťuďu | *ťuďe | *ťuďe |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ťuďa | *ťuďi | *ťuďi |
| genitive | *ťuďu | *ťuďu | *ťuďu |
| dative | *ťuďema | *ťuďama | *ťuďema |
| accusative | *ťuďa | *ťuďi | *ťuďi |
| instrumental | *ťuďema | *ťuďama | *ťuďema |
| locative | *ťuďu | *ťuďu | *ťuďu |
| vocative | *ťuďa | *ťuďi | *ťuďi |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ťuďi | *ťuďę̇ | *ťuďa |
| genitive | *ťuďь | *ťuďь | *ťuďь |
| dative | *ťuďemъ | *ťuďamъ | *ťuďemъ |
| accusative | *ťuďę̇ | *ťuďę̇ | *ťuďa |
| instrumental | *ťuďi | *ťuďami | *ťuďi |
| locative | *ťuďixъ | *ťuďaxъ | *ťuďixъ |
| vocative | *ťuďi | *ťuďę̇ | *ťuďa |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ťuďьjь | *ťuďaja | *ťuďeje |
| genitive | *ťuďajego | *ťuďę̇ję̇ | *ťuďajego |
| dative | *ťuďujemu | *ťuďiji | *ťuďujemu |
| accusative | *ťuďьjь | *ťuďǫjǫ | *ťuďeje |
| instrumental | *ťuďijimь | *ťuďǫjǫ | *ťuďijimь |
| locative | *ťuďijemь | *ťuďiji | *ťuďijemь |
| vocative | *ťuďьjь | *ťuďaja | *ťuďeje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ťuďaja | *ťuďiji | *ťuďiji |
| genitive | *ťuďuju | *ťuďuju | *ťuďuju |
| dative | *ťuďijima | *ťuďijima | *ťuďijima |
| accusative | *ťuďaja | *ťuďiji | *ťuďiji |
| instrumental | *ťuďijima | *ťuďijima | *ťuďijima |
| locative | *ťuďuju | *ťuďuju | *ťuďuju |
| vocative | *ťuďaja | *ťuďiji | *ťuďiji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ťuďiji | *ťuďę̇ję̇ | *ťuďaja |
| genitive | *ťuďьjixъ | *ťuďьjixъ | *ťuďьjixъ |
| dative | *ťuďijimъ | *ťuďijimъ | *ťuďijimъ |
| accusative | *ťuďę̇ję̇ | *ťuďę̇ję̇ | *ťuďaja |
| instrumental | *ťuďijimi | *ťuďijimi | *ťuďijimi |
| locative | *ťuďijixъ | *ťuďijixъ | *ťuďijixъ |
| vocative | *ťuďiji | *ťuďę̇ję̇ | *ťuďaja |
See also
- *ľudъ/*ľudь sg (“people”), *ľudьje pl
- *ľudьjь (“people's”)
- *ľudьskъ (“foreign”)
- *čudo (“miracle, wonder”)
Derived terms
- *ťuďina
- *ťuďinьcь
Descendants
South Slavic *tuďь probably from dissimilation, though Baltic cognates have similar vocalism. Vasmer explains Church Slavonic and Bulgarian 'ч' ('щ' is expected) as influence of чудо (čudo, “wonder, miracle”).
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Derksen, Rick (2015) “tauta¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 461
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “чужой”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 395
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*ljudьskъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 203
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “чужой”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
References
- ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чужой”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “túj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “iz pslovan. *t'ȗd'ь”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “tjudjь tjudja tjudje”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c fremmed (PR 138)”