|
|
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From earlier *gegti, reflecting an irregular change *d > *g from *degti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *degtéi, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰégʷʰeti. Cognate with Lithuanian dègti, Latvian degt, Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáǰʰati, Albanian djeg.
The assimilation *d-g- > *g-g- in Slavic probably have spread from the 0-grade forms, which created a similar environment to the so-called thorn clusters in Proto-Indo-European. Compare the descendants of Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to dwindle, to perish”).
Verb
*žeťì impf (perfective *žegnǫti)[1][2][3][4]
- (transitive) to burn
- to heat up
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*žeťi, *žeže, *žьžetь (
impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *žeženьje
|
*žeťi
|
*žeťь
|
*žeglъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*žeženъ
|
*žьgomъ
|
| Active
|
*žegъ
|
*žьgy
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žeg(ox)ъ |
*žeže |
*žeže
|
*žьgǫ |
*žьžeši |
*žьžetь
|
| Dual
|
*žeg(ox)ově |
*žeg(e/os)ta |
*žeg(e/os)te
|
*žьževě |
*žьžeta |
*žьžete
|
| Plural
|
*žeg(ox)omъ |
*žeg(e/os)te |
*žegǫ, *žegošę
|
*žьžemъ |
*žьžete |
*žьgǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žьžaaxъ |
*žьžaaše |
*žьžaaše
|
— |
*žьdzi |
*žьdzi
|
| Dual
|
*žьžaaxově |
*žьžaašeta |
*žьžaašete
|
*žьdzěvě |
*žьdzěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*žьžaaxomъ |
*žьžaašete |
*žьžaaxǫ
|
*žьdzěmъ |
*žьdzěte |
—
|
Conjugation of
*žeťi, *žeže, *žežetь (
impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *žeženьje
|
*žeťi
|
*žeťь
|
*žeglъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*žeženъ
|
*žegomъ
|
| Active
|
*žegъ
|
*žegy
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žeg(ox)ъ |
*žeže |
*žeže
|
*žegǫ |
*žežeši |
*žežetь
|
| Dual
|
*žeg(ox)ově |
*žeg(e/os)ta |
*žeg(e/os)te
|
*žeževě |
*žežeta |
*žežete
|
| Plural
|
*žeg(ox)omъ |
*žeg(e/os)te |
*žegǫ, *žegošę
|
*žežemъ |
*žežete |
*žegǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žežaaxъ |
*žežaaše |
*žežaaše
|
— |
*žьdzi |
*žьdzi
|
| Dual
|
*žežaaxově |
*žežaašeta |
*žežaašete
|
*žьdzěvě |
*žьdzěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*žežaaxomъ |
*žežaašete |
*žežaaxǫ
|
*žьdzěmъ |
*žьdzěte |
—
|
Conjugation of
*žeťi, *žeže, *žežetь (
impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *žeženьje
|
*žeťi
|
*žeťь
|
*žeglъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*žeženъ
|
*žegomъ
|
| Active
|
*žegъ
|
*žegy
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žaxъ |
*žeže |
*žeže
|
*žegǫ |
*žežeši |
*žežetь
|
| Dual
|
*žaxově |
*žasta |
*žaste
|
*žeževě |
*žežeta |
*žežete
|
| Plural
|
*žaxomъ |
*žaste |
*žašę
|
*žežemъ |
*žežete |
*žegǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žežaaxъ |
*žežaaše |
*žežaaše
|
— |
*žьdzi |
*žьdzi
|
| Dual
|
*žežaaxově |
*žežaašeta |
*žežaašete
|
*žьdzěvě |
*žьdzěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*žežaaxomъ |
*žežaašete |
*žežaaxǫ
|
*žьdzěmъ |
*žьdzěte |
—
|
Derived terms
- *žega (“heat, swelter”)
- *žestokъ (“cruel”) (probably)
- *žestostь (“cruelty”) (probably)
- *žežiti (“to heat, to warm up to incandescence”)
- *žežьkъ (“hot, torrid, incandescent”)
- *žigъ (“burn mark, brand”)
- *žьgovati (“to brand, to burn”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: джгаць (džhacʹ)
- Russian: жечь (žečʹ)
- Ukrainian: жегчи́ (žehčý) (dated), жегти́ (žehtý) (dated)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: жещи (žešti) (both 1p. sg. pres. жегѫ (žegǫ) and жьгѫ (žĭgǫ) are attested)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: жежа́ (žežá), dial. же́гам (žégam)
- Macedonian: жеже (žeže)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: жѐћи
- Latin script: žèći
- Slovene: žgáti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “żec”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 663-664
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жгу”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “жечь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 301
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жег”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 529
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žegti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 554: “v. (c) ‘burn’”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “degti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 119: “*žegtì v. (c) ‘burn’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “žegti: žegǫ (žьgǫ) žežetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c brænde (PR 139)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “žgáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*žet'i̋”
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “žhnout”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 818
- ^ “žíci”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957