|
|
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gerˀtei (“devour”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to devour, swallow”). Cognate with Lithuanian gerti (“to drink”), Latvian dzer̂t (“to drink”).
Further related to Old English acworren, Proto-Germanic *kwerraną (“devour”), Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (jaraiti, “swallow up”), Old Armenian կերի (keri, “I ate”), Ancient Greek βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “eat up”), βορά (borá, “food”), Latin vorō (“I devour”), Sanskrit गिरति (giráti, “devour”).
Verb
*žèrti impf[1][2][3][4]
- to devour, glut
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*žerti, *žer(tъ), *žьretь (
impf., -C-, t-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *žьrtьje
|
*žerti
|
*žertъ
|
*žьrlъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*žьrtъ
|
*žьromъ
|
| Active
|
*žьrъ
|
*žьry
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žerxъ |
*žer(tъ) |
*žer(tъ)
|
*žьrǫ |
*žьreši |
*žьretь
|
| Dual
|
*žerxově |
*žersta |
*žerste
|
*žьrevě |
*žьreta |
*žьrete
|
| Plural
|
*žerxomъ |
*žerste |
*žeršę
|
*žьremъ |
*žьrete |
*žьrǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žьrěaxъ |
*žьrěaše |
*žьrěaše
|
— |
*žьri |
*žьri
|
| Dual
|
*žьrěaxově |
*žьrěašeta |
*žьrěašete
|
*žьrěvě |
*žьrěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*žьrěaxomъ |
*žьrěašete |
*žьrěaxǫ
|
*žьrěmъ |
*žьrěte |
—
|
Notes: - (*)*žьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle
- *žьrati (later variant, based on present stem)
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: жерети (žereti), жьрати (žĭrati)
- Belarusian: жэрць (žercʹ), жэ́рці (žérci)
- Russian: жрать (žratʹ)
- Ukrainian: же́рти (žérty), жра́ти (žráty), жере́ти (žeréty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: пожрѣти (požrěti)
- Glagolitic script: ⱂⱁⰶⱃⱑⱅⰹ (požrěti)
- Macedonian: ждере (ždere)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ждѐрати, ждрије̑ти, ждре̑ти
- Latin script: ždèrati, ždrijȇti, ždrȇti, (regional) nažriti
- Slovene: žrẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žřieti, žráti
- Kashubian: rżéc
- Polish: żreć
- Silesian: żrać
- Slovak: žrat'
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: žraś, žreś
- Upper Sorbian: źrać, žrjeć
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жрать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Skok, Petar (1973) “Proto-Slavic/žerti”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 3 (poni² – Ž), Zagreb: JAZU, page 673
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “же́рти”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 559
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “gerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172: “*žèrti”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “¹žerti (žьrti): žьrǫ (žerǫ) žьretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c æde (SA 203, 235, 251; PR 139)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “žrẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*že̋rti”
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.
Verb
*žerti impf
- alternative form of *žьrti
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*žerti, *žer, *žьřetь (
impf., -C/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *žьrtьje
|
*žerti
|
*žertъ
|
*žьrlъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*žьrtъ
|
*žьřemъ
|
| Active
|
*žьrъ
|
*žьřę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žerxъ |
*žer |
*žer
|
*žьřǫ |
*žьřeši |
*žьřetь
|
| Dual
|
*žerxově |
*žersta |
*žerste
|
*žьřevě |
*žьřeta |
*žьřete
|
| Plural
|
*žerxomъ |
*žerste |
*žeršę
|
*žьřemъ |
*žьřete |
*žьřǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žьřaaxъ |
*žьřaaše |
*žьřaaše
|
— |
*žьři |
*žьři
|
| Dual
|
*žьřaaxově |
*žьřaašeta |
*žьřaašete
|
*žьřivě |
*žьřita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*žьřaaxomъ |
*žьřaašete |
*žьřaaxǫ
|
*žьřimъ |
*žьřite |
—
|
Notes: - (*)*žьrjenъ is doublet of past passive participle
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: жрѣти (žrěti)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: жре́я (žréja) (obsolete)
Further reading
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жрея”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 554