|
|
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Earlier root-stem form of Proto-Slavic *žьvati (“to chew”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-. Akin to Proto-Germanic *kewwaną (“to chew”), Tocharian B śuwaṃ (“to eat”).
Verb
*žuti pf or impf[1]
- to chew, to gnaw, to masticate
Inflection
Conjugation of
*žuti, *žu, *žьvetь (
perf., -V/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *žutьje
|
*žuti
|
*žutъ
|
*žulъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*žutъ
|
—
|
| Active
|
*žuvъ
|
—
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žuxъ |
*žu |
*žu
|
*žьvǫ |
*žьveši |
*žьvetь
|
| Dual
|
*žuxově |
*žusta |
*žuste
|
*žьvevě |
*žьveta |
*žьvete
|
| Plural
|
*žuxomъ |
*žuste |
*žušę
|
*žьvemъ |
*žьvete |
*žьvǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
— |
— |
—
|
— |
*žьvi |
*žьvi
|
| Dual
|
— |
— |
—
|
*žьvěvě |
*žьvěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
— |
— |
—
|
*žьvěmъ |
*žьvěte |
—
|
Notes: - In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Within some daughter languages (partially blended with *žьvati):
Conjugation of
*žuti, *žu, *žujetь (
impf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *žutьje
|
*žuti
|
*žutъ
|
*žulъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*žutъ
|
*žujemъ
|
| Active
|
*žuvъ
|
*žuję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žuxъ |
*žu |
*žu
|
*žujǫ |
*žuješi |
*žujetь
|
| Dual
|
*žuxově |
*žusta |
*žuste
|
*žujevě |
*žujeta |
*žujete
|
| Plural
|
*žuxomъ |
*žuste |
*žušę
|
*žujemъ |
*žujete |
*žujǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žujaaxъ |
*žujaaše |
*žujaaše
|
— |
*žuji |
*žuji
|
| Dual
|
*žujaaxově |
*žujaašeta |
*žujaašete
|
*žujivě |
*žujita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*žujaaxomъ |
*žujaašete |
*žujaaxǫ
|
*žujimъ |
*žujite |
—
|
Derived terms
- *žuvačь m, *žujьka f (agent nouns)
- *žuka, *žuna (“buccal cavity”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Middle Ukrainian: жути (žuty)
- Ukrainian: жу́ти (žúty) (obsolescent)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: жва pf (žva), жву́я impf (žvúja) (obsolescent, dialectal)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: жево́ля (ževólja, “to grind with teeth”)
- Macedonian: жве (žve) (obsolete)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жевать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “жевать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 294
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жеволя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 529
- А. В. Зеленин, Д. В. Руднев (2018) “Связочный глагол слыть: история модализации”, in Русский язык в научном освещении, number 1 (35), Moscow: ИРЯ РАН, page 87
- Miguel Villanueva Svensson (2011) “The accentuation of the infinitive type Latv. kal̃t, Sl. *kőlti and the development of Indo-European molō-presents in Balto-Slavic”, in Baltistica, →ISSN, page 311
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “žuti: ? [žьvǫ žьvetь] / [žijǫ žijetь]”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 204, 207, 238; PR 139)”
- ^ František Št. Kott (1887) “žuti”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: František Šimáček, page 879
- ^ František Št. Kott (1887) “2. žíti”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: František Šimáček, page 838
- ^ Muka, Arnošt (1928) “žuś”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), volume 2, Prague: ČAVU, page 1162; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
