Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ěnъ

Taken from old consonantal stem nouns in *-en- with a generalized long grade. This is also suggested by the adjectives built from a */men/-stem nouns, e.g.

• *kamy (“stone”) → *kaměnъ (“stony, rocky, made of stone”) (and not **kameněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)
• *polmy (“flame”) → *polměnъ (“fiery”) (and not **polmeněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)

*-ěnъ

1. Forming adjectives meaning 'made of <the baseword>'; -en
   1. Denominal

      *volsъ (“hair”) → *volsěnъ (“made of (horse) hair”)

      *dervo (“tree”) → *dervěnъ (“wooden, made of wood”)

      *lьnъ (“linen”) → *lьněnъ (“flaxen, linen”)

   2. Deverbative

      *děti, *dějati (“to do, make”) → *dobro-dějanъ (“virtuous”)

      *piti (“drink”) → *pьjanъ (“drunk”)

• *-nъ
• *-ьnъ

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: -ѣнъ (-jěnŭ), -ꙗнъ (-janŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: -ꙗный (-janyj)
      • Ukrainian: -яний (-janyj)
    • Russian: -яно́й (-janój), -я́ный (-jányj); -я́нный (-jánnyj) (< *-ěnьnъ)
  • Old Novgorodian: -ѣне (-jěne)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: -ⱑⱀⱏ (-ěnŭ)

    Old Cyrillic script: -ѣнъ (-jěnŭ)

    • Bulgarian: -ен (-en); -енен (-enen)
    • Macedonian: -ен (-en)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: -ен

    Latin script: -en

  • Slovene: -en
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: -ěný
  • Old Polish: -any
    • Polish: -any
  • Slovak: -ený

• Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 93