Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/děti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁ti, from *dʰeh₁- (“do; put”).[1]

    Verb

    *děti impf (perfective *děnǫti or *děvati)[1][2]

    1. (transitive) to do
    2. (ditransitive) to put, to place
      → to put on (clothes)
    3. (transitive) to thread, to hitch, to process
    4. (reflexive) to happen
    Alternative forms
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of *děti, *dě, *deďetь (perf., -unknown-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
    Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
    *dětьje *děti *dětъ *dělъ
    Participles
    Tense Past Present
    Passive *dětъ —
    Active *děvъ —
    Aorist Present
    Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    Singular *děxъ *dě *dě *deďǫ *deďeši *deďetь
    Dual *děxově *děsta *děste *deďevě *deďeta *deďete
    Plural *děxomъ *děste *děšę *deďemъ *deďete *deďǫtь
    Imperfect Imperative
    Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    Singular — — — — *deďi *deďi
    Dual — — — *deďivě *deďita —
    Plural — — — *deďimъ *deďite —
      Notes:
    • In perfective verbs, present expresses future
    Conjugation of *děti, *dě, *děnetь (perf., -V/n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
    Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
    *dětьje *děti *dětъ *dělъ
    Participles
    Tense Past Present
    Passive *dětъ —
    Active *děvъ —
    Aorist Present
    Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    Singular *děxъ *dě *dě *děnǫ *děneši *děnetь
    Dual *děxově *děsta *děste *děnevě *děneta *děnete
    Plural *děxomъ *děste *děšę *děnemъ *děnete *děnǫtь
    Imperfect Imperative
    Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    Singular — — — — *děni *děni
    Dual — — — *děněvě *děněta —
    Plural — — — *děněmъ *děněte —
      Notes:
    • In perfective verbs, present expresses future
    Conjugation of *děti, *dě, *dějetь (?, -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
    Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
    *dětьje *děti *dětъ *dělъ
    Participles
    Tense Past Present
    Passive *dětъ *dějemъ
    Active *děvъ *děję
    Aorist Present
    Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    Singular *děxъ *dě *dě *dějǫ *děješi *dějetь
    Dual *děxově *děsta *děste *dějevě *dějeta *dějete
    Plural *děxomъ *děste *děšę *dějemъ *dějete *dějǫtь
    Imperfect Imperative
    Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    Singular *děaxъ *děaše *děaše — *ději *ději
    Dual *děaxově *děašeta *děašete *dějivě *dějita —
    Plural *děaxomъ *děašete *děaxǫ *dějimъ *dějite —
    Derived terms
    • *dějьcь (“activist”)
      • *bolgodějьcь (“benefactor”)
    • *dějь(inъ) (“agent, doer”)
    • *dějьstvo, *dějьstvьje (“action”)
      • *dějьstvati, *dějьstvovati (“to take action”)
    • *děkati (“to urge, to make (s.o.) to do”), *děkovati (“to joke around”)
    • *dělo (“act, work”)
    • *dětь (“deed”)
    • *jьzdě(ja)ti
    • *nadě(ja)ti
    • *odě(ja)ti
    • *perdě(ja)ti (“to find a way to do”)
    • *podě(ja)ti (“to go away”)
      • *sъpodě(ja)ti (“to anticipate”)
    • *podъdě(ja)ti (“to undertake”)
    • *sъdě(ja)ti
    • *zadě(ja)ti
    Descendants
    • East Slavic:
      • Belarusian: дзець (dzjecʹ)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: дї́ти (djíty)
      • Russian: деть (detʹ)
      • Ukrainian: ді́ти (díty)
    • South Slavic:
    • West Slavic:
      • Old Czech: dieti
      • Old Polish: dziać, dzieć, dziejać
      • Old Slovak: diať
        • Slovak: diať
      • Pomeranian:
      • Sorbian:
        • Upper Sorbian: dźeć
        • Lower Sorbian: źaś

    Further reading

    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “деть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “-детый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*dě(ja)ti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 229
    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*děnь/*děnьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 12
    • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дея”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 351
    • Anikin, A. E. (2019) “деть”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 13 (два – дигло), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 302
    • Anikin, A. E. (2019) “-дет”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 13 (два – дигло), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 286
    • Anikin, A. E. (2019) “деница”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 13 (два – дигло), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 200

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*děti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104: “v. ‘do, say’”
    2. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “dẹti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *dě̋ti, sed. *dě̋nǫ (star. *ded'ǫ)”

    Etymology 2

    See *dětь.[1]

    Noun

    *děti f[1][2]

    1. children (plural of *dětь)
      Synonym: *dětьca
    Usage notes

    May have functioned as a plurale tantum in Proto-Slavic, with the singular handled by *dětę.

    Declension
    Declension of *dě̑ti (i-stem, accent paradigm c, plural only)
    plural
    nominative *dě̑ti
    genitive *dětь̀jь
    dative *dě̑tьmъ
    accusative *dě̑ti
    instrumental *dětьmì
    locative *dě̑tьxъ
    vocative *dě̑ti

    * The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

    Descendants

    Further reading

    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*děti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 14

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*děti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104: “Npl. f. ‘children’”
    2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “děti”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “f.pl.tant. c children (PR 138)”
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