Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьba
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Originally the suffix proper is *-ba, with *-ь and *-o abstracted from i- and o-stem basewords, respectively. Sometimes the original abstract noun in *-ь is still preserved, e.g.
Further, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ba, from Proto-Indo-European *-bʰo-, *-bʰeh₂ found in nouns and adjectives.
Cognate with Lithuanian -ýba, -ỹbė and Latvian -ība.
Suffix
*-ьba f
- Forms action nouns from verbs.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-ьba | *-ьbě | *-ьby |
| genitive | *-ьby | *-ьbu | *-ьbъ |
| dative | *-ьbě | *-ьbama | *-ьbamъ |
| accusative | *-ьbǫ | *-ьbě | *-ьby |
| instrumental | *-ьbojǫ, *-ьbǫ** | *-ьbama | *-ьbami |
| locative | *-ьbě | *-ьbu | *-ьbasъ, *-ьbaxъ* |
| vocative | *-ьbo | *-ьbě | *-ьby |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Usage notes
- Usually derived from verbs ending in -i- and rarely from verbs ending in -C-
- Usually it's not used with roots ending in b/p/v/m (see *-ьda, *-ežь).
Alternative forms
See also
Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьda
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies[1] (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
- Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 86f
- Osten-Sacken, W. Frhr. v. d. (1909), Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Nomina auf slavisch -ьba, litauisch -ýbas -ýba -ỹbė, lettisch -ība, Indogermanische Forschungen 26, 307-324
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-ьba”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 61
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krivьda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 175
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*bajьda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 140