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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”), reanalyzed form of an earlier *dertì.
Verb
*dьràti impf[1][2][3]
- to tear, to flay
Conjugation
- Intensive derivative: *-dirati
Conjugation of
*dьrati, *dьra, *deretь (
impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *dьranьje
|
*dьrati
|
*dьratъ
|
*dьralъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*dьranъ
|
*deromъ
|
| Active
|
*dьravъ
|
*dery
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*dьraxъ |
*dьra |
*dьra
|
*derǫ |
*dereši |
*deretь
|
| Dual
|
*dьraxově |
*dьrasta |
*dьraste
|
*derevě |
*dereta |
*derete
|
| Plural
|
*dьraxomъ |
*dьraste |
*dьrašę
|
*deremъ |
*derete |
*derǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*dьraaxъ |
*dьraaše |
*dьraaše
|
— |
*deri |
*deri
|
| Dual
|
*dьraaxově |
*dьraašeta |
*dьraašete
|
*derěvě |
*derěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*dьraaxomъ |
*dьraašete |
*dьraaxǫ
|
*derěmъ |
*derěte |
—
|
- *dьrbàti, *dьrbiti (“to scribe, to draw; to gulp”)
- *dьrdàti (“to chop, to cut”)
- *dьrgàti (“to rub, to scrub”)
- *dьrkàti, *dьrčàti (“to jingle, to buzz”)
- *dьrliti (“to quarrel, to scold”)
- *dьrmàti (“to shake, to jiggle”)
- *dьrpàti (“to pluck, to pull”)
- *dьrtěti (“to ripen, to get old”)
- *dorъ (“tearing, cleansing”)
- *draskàti (“to scratch”)
Derived terms
- *derьmo (“turd”)
- *dira, *diřa (“trace, trail, crack”)
- *dьranь (“tearing, skinning”)
- *dьravъ (“robust, impetuous”)
- *dьrnъ (“piece, chunk; toft, sod”)
- *dьrtь (“chunk”)
- *dьrtъ (“ragged, torn, old”)
- *dorkъ (“thorn, scandal”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дра́ти (dráti)[4]
- Belarusian: дра́ць (drácʹ)
- Russian: дра́ть (drátʹ)
- Ukrainian: дра́ти (dráty)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: drát
- Polabian: derĕ (3sg.)
- Old Polish: drać
- Slovak: drať
- Sorbian:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “драть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьrati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 218
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дера”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 343
References
- ^ Nikolajev, S. L. (2014) “K rekonstrukcii akcentnyx klassov balto-slavjanskix glagolov*”, in Balto-slavjanskije issledovanija – XIX, Moscow – Saint-Petersburg: The work was carried out with the support of the basic research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dьrati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “v. ‘tear, flay’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “dьrati: derǫ deretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 204, 236; PR 139)”
- ^ Zaliznjak, Andrej A. (2014) “Drevnerusskoje udarenije. Obščije svedenija i slovarʹ”, in Languages of Slavic Culture[2] (in Russian), Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 278: “дра́ти ― dráti”