Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/derti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *derˀtéi (“to tear; to peel”), reanalyzed athematic root aorist^[1] of Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”).

Cognate with Lithuanian dérti (“to tear, to peel”) (Žemaitian dialect), as well as Ancient Greek δέρω (dérō, “to flay”), Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear; snatch or pull off [from]; tug”).

Verb

*dertì impf^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

to tear

Inflection

(South Slavic *dȅrǫ, influenced by *dьràti)

Conjugation of *derti, *der, *dьretь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dьrtьje	*derti	*dertъ	*dьrlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dьrtъ	*dьromъ
Active	*dьrъ	*dьry

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*derxъ	*der	*der	*dьrǫ	*dьreši	*dьretь
Dual	*derxově	*dersta	*derste	*dьrevě	*dьreta	*dьrete
Plural	*derxomъ	*derste	*deršę	*dьremъ	*dьrete	*dьrǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dьrěaxъ	*dьrěaše	*dьrěaše	—	*dьri	*dьri
Dual	*dьrěaxově	*dьrěašeta	*dьrěašete	*dьrěvě	*dьrěta	—
Plural	*dьrěaxomъ	*dьrěašete	*dьrěaxǫ	*dьrěmъ	*dьrěte	—

(*)*dьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle

Related terms

*dervo (“tree”)
*dьrati (“to tear, to flay”)
*dьrvьňa (“cleansed land, field”)
*dorbъ
*udariti (“to strike, to hit”)

Derived terms

*deračь, *derьcь (“flayer”)
*derь (“tearing”)
*derьba (“tearing, skinning”)
*derьmо (“turd”)
*deruga, *deřuga (“tat, sackcloth”)
*derъ (“tearing, skinning; flayer”)
- *kožederъ (“skinning”)
- *pazderь (“shive, boon (of flax stalk)”)
- *pazderьje (“shive, boon (of flax stalk)”)
- *živoderъ (“butcher”)
*dě̄rà (“crack, hole”)
*dira, *diřa (“crack, hole; trace”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: дзерці (dzjerci)
- Ukrainian: де́рти (dérty)
South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: дријѐти
  
  Latin script: drijèti
- Slovene: drẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: dřieti
  - Czech: dřít
- Polish: drzeć
- Slovak: drieť
- Slovincian: drzéc
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: drjeć, drěć
  - Lower Sorbian: drěś

References

^ Villanueva Svensson, M. (July 2011) “The accentuation of the infinitive type Latv. kal̃t, Sl. *kőlti and the development of Indo-European molō-presents in Balto-Slavic”, in BALTISTICA VII‎^[1], page 320: “Verbs that inherited an (active) root athematic aorist ... Sl. *dertì 'tear' ...”
^ Nikolajev, S. L. (2014) “K rekonstrukcii akcentnyx klassov balto-slavjanskix glagolov*”, in Balto-slavjanskije issledovanija – XIX, Moscow – Saint-Petersburg: The work was carried out with the support of the basic research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences
^ Zaliznjak, Andrej A. (2014) “Drevnerusskoje udarenije. Obščije svedenija i slovarʹ”, in Languages of Slavic Culture‎^[2] (in Russian), Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 278: “дра́ти ― dráti”
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dertì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 99: “v. (b) ‘tear’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “derti: dьrǫ dьretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[3], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 203, 235, 251)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “drẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*de̋rti, sed. *dь̏rǫ”

[1] Villanueva Svensson, M. (July 2011) “The accentuation of the infinitive type Latv. kal̃t, Sl. *kőlti and the development of Indo-European molō-presents in Balto-Slavic”, in BALTISTICA VII‎^[1], page 320: “Verbs that inherited an (active) root athematic aorist ... Sl. *dertì 'tear' ...”

[2] Nikolajev, S. L. (2014) “K rekonstrukcii akcentnyx klassov balto-slavjanskix glagolov*”, in Balto-slavjanskije issledovanija – XIX, Moscow – Saint-Petersburg: The work was carried out with the support of the basic research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences

[3] Zaliznjak, Andrej A. (2014) “Drevnerusskoje udarenije. Obščije svedenija i slovarʹ”, in Languages of Slavic Culture‎^[2] (in Russian), Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 278: “дра́ти ― dráti”

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dertì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 99: “v. (b) ‘tear’”

[5] Olander, Thomas (2001) “derti: dьrǫ dьretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[3], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 203, 235, 251)”

[6] Snoj, Marko (2016) “drẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*de̋rti, sed. *dь̏rǫ”

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