Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/koňь
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Of disputed origin. There are two major competing theories, both presented by Derksen:[1]
- (Vasmer, Skok, Długosz-Kurczabowa, Holub/Kopečný): from *komňь (cf. Old East Slavic комонь (komonĭ, “horse”)), from early *kobňь, akin to *kobyla (“mare”). Compare Latin caballus (“working horse”), Proto-Celtic *kapallos (> Old Irish capall).
- (Brückner, Długosz-Kurczabowa): from *komňь (cf. Old East Slavic комонь (komonĭ, “horse”)), related to Polish komosić (“make wild, enrage”) cognate with Lithuanian kumẽlė (“mare”), Old Prussian kamnet (“horse”). (Note, however, that komosić does not seem to exist in East or South Slavic and therefore probably is not very old and that Skok explains the similar verbs komešati (“stir, mix”) and kovitlati (“gyrate, form an eddy”) with a prefix *ko-.)
Noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kòňь | *koňà | *koňì |
| genitive | *koňà | *koňù | *kòňь |
| dative | *koňù | *koňèma | *kòňemъ |
| accusative | *kòňь | *koňà | *koňę̇̀ |
| instrumental | *koňь̀mь, *koňèmь* | *koňèma | *kòňi |
| locative | *koňì | *koňù | *kòňixъ |
| vocative | *koňu | *koňà | *koňì |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Related terms
- *komoňь (possibly)
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “конь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*konь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 197
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кон¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 578
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kòņь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231: “m. jo (b) ‘horse’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “konjь konja”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 69, 147, 177; PR 134; MP 19)”
Etymology 2
From *koňь (“horse”) + *-ьjь.
Adjective
*koňь[1]
- (relational) horse
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *koňь | *koňa | *koňe |
| genitive | *koňa | *koňę̇ | *koňa |
| dative | *koňu | *koňi | *koňu |
| accusative | *koňь | *koňǫ | *koňe |
| instrumental | *koňemь | *koňejǫ | *koňemь |
| locative | *koňi | *koňi | *koňi |
| vocative | *koňu | *koňe | *koňe |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *koňa | *koňi | *koňi |
| genitive | *koňu | *koňu | *koňu |
| dative | *koňema | *koňama | *koňema |
| accusative | *koňa | *koňi | *koňi |
| instrumental | *koňema | *koňama | *koňema |
| locative | *koňu | *koňu | *koňu |
| vocative | *koňa | *koňi | *koňi |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *koňi | *koňę̇ | *koňa |
| genitive | *koňь | *koňь | *koňь |
| dative | *koňemъ | *koňamъ | *koňemъ |
| accusative | *koňę̇ | *koňę̇ | *koňa |
| instrumental | *koňi | *koňami | *koňi |
| locative | *koňixъ | *koňaxъ | *koňixъ |
| vocative | *koňi | *koňę̇ | *koňa |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *koňьjь | *koňaja | *koňeje |
| genitive | *koňajego | *koňę̇ję̇ | *koňajego |
| dative | *koňujemu | *koňiji | *koňujemu |
| accusative | *koňьjь | *koňǫjǫ | *koňeje |
| instrumental | *koňijimь | *koňǫjǫ | *koňijimь |
| locative | *koňijemь | *koňiji | *koňijemь |
| vocative | *koňьjь | *koňaja | *koňeje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *koňaja | *koňiji | *koňiji |
| genitive | *koňuju | *koňuju | *koňuju |
| dative | *koňijima | *koňijima | *koňijima |
| accusative | *koňaja | *koňiji | *koňiji |
| instrumental | *koňijima | *koňijima | *koňijima |
| locative | *koňuju | *koňuju | *koňuju |
| vocative | *koňaja | *koňiji | *koňiji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *koňiji | *koňę̇ję̇ | *koňaja |
| genitive | *koňьjixъ | *koňьjixъ | *koňьjixъ |
| dative | *koňijimъ | *koňijimъ | *koňijimъ |
| accusative | *koňę̇ję̇ | *koňę̇ję̇ | *koňaja |
| instrumental | *koňijimi | *koňijimi | *koňijimi |
| locative | *koňijixъ | *koňijixъ | *koňijixъ |
| vocative | *koňiji | *koňę̇ję̇ | *koňaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: конь (konĭ)
- Russian: ко́ний (kónij) (dialectal)
- Old East Slavic: конь (konĭ)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*konьjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 8