capall

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish capall,[1] related to Welsh ceffyl and Latin caballus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑpˠəl̪ˠ/[2][3], /ˈkapˠəl̪ˠ/[4]

Noun

capall m (genitive singular capaill, nominative plural capaill)

  1. horse (large hoofed animal)
    Synonym: each
    Is minic a rinne bromach gioblach capall cumasach. (proverb)
    Many a ragged colt made a noble horse.
  2. (Ulster) mare
    Synonym: láir
  3. (genitive singular as attributive adjective) large, coarse (species of something)

Declension

Declension of capall (first declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative capall capaill
vocative a chapaill a chapalla
genitive capaill capall
dative capall capaill
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an capall na capaill
genitive an chapaill na gcapall
dative leis an gcapall
don chapall 		leis na capaill

Hyponyms

  • bromach (“colt”)
  • cairiún (“gelding”)
  • cliobóg (“filly”)
  • gearrán (“gelding”)
  • láir (“mare”)
  • láireog (“filly”)
  • searrach (“foal”)
  • stail (“stallion”)

Derived terms

  • ar chapall (“on horseback”, adverb)
  • ar muin capaill (“on horseback”, adverb)
  • athchapall m (“remount”)
  • beach chapaill f (“wasp”)
  • beithíoch capaill (“horse”)
  • buaic capaill (“crest of horse”)
  • capaill bhána m pl (“white horses, crested waves”)
  • capaillín m (“pony”)
  • capall ardfhola m (“thorough-bred horse”)
  • capall ardualaigh m (“pack-horse”)
  • capall cogaidh m (“charger”)
  • capall coille m (“capercaillie”)
  • capall cóiste m (“coach-horse”)
  • capall diallaite m (“saddle-horse”)
  • capall fiaigh m (“hunter”)
  • capall folaíochta m (“thoroughbred horse”)
  • capall luascáin m (“rocking-horse”)
  • capall maide m (“hobby-horse”)
  • capall marcaíochta m (“hackney”)
  • capall marclaigh m (“pack-horse”)
  • capall na hoibre an bia (“an army marches on its stomach”)
  • capall rása m (“racehorse”)
  • capall sáiteach m (“borer”)
  • capall sealaíochta m (“relay horse”)
  • capall seilge m (“hunter”)
  • capall tarlaithe m (“draught-horse”)
  • capall tarraingthe m (“draught-horse”)
  • capall ualaigh m (“pack-horse”)
  • capallach (“equine”, adjective)
  • cíor chapaill f (“curry-comb”)
  • cnó capaill m (“horse-chestnut”)
  • coiléar capaill m (“horse-collar”)
  • coirb capaill (“withers”)
  • cruimh chapaill f (“grub of tiger moth”)
  • eireaball capaill (“horsetail”)
  • faocha chapaill f (“whelk”)
  • féar capaill m (“cat’s-tail grass”)
  • feoil chapaill f (“horsemeat”)
  • fia-chapall m (“wild horse”)
  • gearrchapall m (“pony”)
  • giolla capaill m (“horse-boy”)
  • leathchapall m (“medium-sized horse, cob”)
  • pana capaill (“horse-cloth, housing”)
  • péist chapaill f (“large caterpillar”)
  • rás capall (“horse race”)
  • rásaíocht chapall f (“horse-racing”)
  • scothchapall m (“medium-sized horse”)
  • seamair chapaill f (“red clover”)
  • seangán capaill m (“black ant”)
  • sos capall (“relay of horses”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of capall
radical lenition eclipsis
capall chapall gcapall

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “capall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938) Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, section 15, page 17
  3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 147
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 361, page 123

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

Uncertain. The Old Irish /p/ and the /f/ in Welsh ceffyl suggest an earlier *pp, making it impossible to be directly related to Gaulish Caballo-, which occurs in proper nouns. A common source of the Irish and Welsh words could be a hypothetical Vulgar Latin *cappillus, some kind of contamination of caballus (“horse”) and capellus (“small goat”). Latin caballus is assumed to be a borrowing from Gaulish. This might in turn be a Wanderwort originating in Asia, compare Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “a nag”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈkapal͈]

Noun

capall m (genitive capaill, nominative plural capaill)

  1. horse

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative capall capallL capaillL
vocative capaill capallL caipliuH
accusative capallN capallL caipliuH
genitive capaillL capall capallN
dative capullL caiplib caiplib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Irish: capall
  • Manx: cabbyl
  • Scottish Gaelic: capall
  • → Old Norse: kapall

Mutation

Mutation of capall
radical lenition nasalization
capall chapall capall
pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1987) Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume C, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, pages C-33-34
  2. ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909] D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, page 567; reprinted 2017

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish capall (“horse”), related to Welsh ceffyl and Latin caballus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkʰahpəl̪ˠ/

Noun

capall m (genitive singular capaill, plural capaill)

  1. colt
  2. mare (female horse)

Usage notes

  • Even when meaning "mare", retains masculine gender.

Derived terms

  • capall-aibhne (“hippopotamus”)
  • capall-coille (“capercaillie”)
  • capall-lìn (“flax beater”)
  • capall-mara (“seahorse”)
  • capall-uallaich (“packhorse”)

Mutation

Mutation of capall
radical lenition
capall chapall

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “capall”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “capall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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