Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫdi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *som-dʰh₁-ih₂, from *som- (“together”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to place, do”) + *-ih₂.[1] Cognate with Lithuanian samdà (“rent”), samdýti (“to hire”), Sanskrit संधि (saṃdhí, “connection, treaty, peace”).

Reconstruction

Per Derksen, *sǫdì already had word-final accent before the operation of Dybo's law (*sǫ- still behaved as a prefix) and hence *sǫ- remained short. Russian судья́ (sudʹjá) reflects *sǫdьjà from earlier *sǫdь̀ja by Dybo's law.

Noun

*sǫdì m[1]

  1. judge

Inflection

Declension of *sǫdь̀ja (ī-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *sǫdь̀ja *sǫdь̀ji *sǫdь̀ję̇
genitive *sǫdь̀ję̇ *sǫdь̀ju *sǫdь̀jь
dative *sǫdь̀ji *sǫdь̀jama *sǫdь̀jamъ
accusative *sǫdь̀jǫ *sǫdь̀ji *sǫdь̀ję̇
instrumental *sǫdь̀jejǫ, *sǫdь̀jǫ** *sǫdь̀jama *sǫdь̀jamī
locative *sǫdь̀ji *sǫdь̀ju *sǫdь̀jasъ, *sǫdь̀jaxъ*
vocative *sǫdьje *sǫdь̀ji *sǫdь̀ję̇

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

  • *sǫdьji (Chernykh)

Derived terms

  • *sǫ̃dъ (“court of law, trial, judgment”)

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: сꙋди (sudi), сꙋдии (sudii), сꙋдиꙗ (sudija)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: сѫди (sǫdi), сѫдии (sǫdii)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: съдия́ (sǎdijá)
    • Macedonian: судија (sudija)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: су̀дија
      Latin script: sùdija
    • Slovene: sọ́dij, sọ́dja (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
  • Non-Slavic:
    • → Proto-Finnic: *suntija (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “судья́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “суд”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 216
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “судья́”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sǫdì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 462
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