Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tǫžiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tangīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *tongʰ-éye-ti, éye-causative of *tengʰ- (“to pull back, be heavy”). By surface analysis, *tǫgъ +‎ *-iti. Doublet of *tęžiti, a Slavic construction.

Verb

*tǫžiti

  1. to tense, to strain

Inflection

Conjugation of *tǫžiti, *tǫži, *tǫžitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*tǫženьje *tǫžiti *tǫžitъ *tǫžilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *tǫženъ *tǫžimъ
Active *tǫžь *tǫžę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tǫžixъ *tǫži *tǫži *tǫžǫ *tǫžiši *tǫžitь
Dual *tǫžixově *tǫžista *tǫžiste *tǫživě *tǫžita *tǫžite
Plural *tǫžixomъ *tǫžiste *tǫžišę *tǫžimъ *tǫžite *tǫžętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tǫžaaxъ *tǫžaaše *tǫžaaše — *tǫži *tǫži
Dual *tǫžaaxově *tǫžaašeta *tǫžaašete *tǫživě *tǫžita —
Plural *tǫžaaxomъ *tǫžaašete *tǫžaaxǫ *tǫžimъ *tǫžite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*tǫživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: ту́житься (túžitʹsja)
    • Ukrainian: -ту́жити (-túžyty)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: tužit
    • Polish: tężyć
    • Slovak: tužiť
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: tužić

Etymology 2

From *tǫga (“melancholy, sadness”) +‎ *-ti.

Verb

*tǫžiti

  1. to long for, to yearn

Inflection

Conjugation of *tǫžiti, *tǫži, *tǫžitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*tǫženьje *tǫžiti *tǫžitъ *tǫžilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *tǫženъ *tǫžimъ
Active *tǫžь *tǫžę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tǫžixъ *tǫži *tǫži *tǫžǫ *tǫžiši *tǫžitь
Dual *tǫžixově *tǫžista *tǫžiste *tǫživě *tǫžita *tǫžite
Plural *tǫžixomъ *tǫžiste *tǫžišę *tǫžimъ *tǫžite *tǫžętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tǫžaaxъ *tǫžaaše *tǫžaaše — *tǫži *tǫži
Dual *tǫžaaxově *tǫžaašeta *tǫžaašete *tǫživě *tǫžita —
Plural *tǫžaaxomъ *tǫžaašete *tǫžaaxǫ *tǫžimъ *tǫžite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*tǫživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: тужити (tužiti)
      • Old Ruthenian: тужити (tužiti), тужыти (tužyti)
        • Belarusian: ту́жыць (túžycʹ), ту́жіць (túžicʹ)
        • Ukrainian: тужи́ти (tužýty)
      • Russian: ту́жить (túžitʹ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: тѫжити (tǫžiti)
      Glagolitic script: ⱅⱘⰶⰻⱅⰻ (tǫžiti)
    • Bulgarian: тъжа̀ (tǎžà)
    • Macedonian: тажи (taži)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ту́жити
      Latin script: túžiti
      • Chakavian (Vrgada): tūžȉti
      • Chakavian (Stinatz): tu:ž'it
      • Kajkavian (Varaždin): tọ̃žiti
    • Slovene: tožīti (tonal orthography)
      • Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): tȗəšť
      • Lower Carniolan (Kostel dialect): ˈtọːžėt
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: túžiti
    • Old Polish: tążyć
    • Slovak: túžiť
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: tužyś
      • Upper Sorbian: tužić

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ту́жить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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