Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vъtorъ
Proto-Slavic
| ← 1 | 2 | 3 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: *dъva Ordinal: *vъtorъ Adverbial: *dъva šьdy, *dъvojьťi, *dъva kortь Multiplier: *dъvojakъ, *dъvojьnъ, *dъva kortьnъ, *dъvogubъ Collective: *dъvojь Fractional: *polъ, *polovina | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *witaras, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)witoros. Cognate with Sanskrit वितरम् (vitarám, “again, further”), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (vītarəm, “further”).[1]
Alternatively (though not preferred by Derksen), from an older *vъntorъ (where the first part comes from Proto-Slavic *vъn), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ántaras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros. In this case, cognate with Latvian otrs, Lithuanian añtras, añtaras (dialectal), Old Prussian antars.
Adjective
*vъtorъ
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vъtorъ | *vъtora | *vъtoro |
| genitive | *vъtora | *vъtory | *vъtora |
| dative | *vъtoru | *vъtorě | *vъtoru |
| accusative | *vъtorъ | *vъtorǫ | *vъtoro |
| instrumental | *vъtoromь | *vъtorojǫ | *vъtoromь |
| locative | *vъtorě | *vъtorě | *vъtorě |
| vocative | *vъtore | *vъtoro | *vъtoro |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *vъtora | *vъtorě | *vъtorě |
| genitive | *vъtoru | *vъtoru | *vъtoru |
| dative | *vъtoroma | *vъtorama | *vъtoroma |
| accusative | *vъtora | *vъtorě | *vъtorě |
| instrumental | *vъtoroma | *vъtorama | *vъtoroma |
| locative | *vъtoru | *vъtoru | *vъtoru |
| vocative | *vъtora | *vъtorě | *vъtorě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *vъtori | *vъtory | *vъtora |
| genitive | *vъtorъ | *vъtorъ | *vъtorъ |
| dative | *vъtoromъ | *vъtoramъ | *vъtoromъ |
| accusative | *vъtory | *vъtory | *vъtora |
| instrumental | *vъtory | *vъtorami | *vъtory |
| locative | *vъtorěxъ | *vъtoraxъ | *vъtorěxъ |
| vocative | *vъtori | *vъtory | *vъtora |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vъtorъjь | *vъtoraja | *vъtoroje |
| genitive | *vъtorajego | *vъtoryję̇ | *vъtorajego |
| dative | *vъtorujemu | *vъtorěji | *vъtorujemu |
| accusative | *vъtorъjь | *vъtorǫjǫ | *vъtoroje |
| instrumental | *vъtoryjimь | *vъtorǫjǫ | *vъtoryjimь |
| locative | *vъtorějemь | *vъtorěji | *vъtorějemь |
| vocative | *vъtorъjь | *vъtoraja | *vъtoroje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *vъtoraja | *vъtorěji | *vъtorěji |
| genitive | *vъtoruju | *vъtoruju | *vъtoruju |
| dative | *vъtoryjima | *vъtoryjima | *vъtoryjima |
| accusative | *vъtoraja | *vъtorěji | *vъtorěji |
| instrumental | *vъtoryjima | *vъtoryjima | *vъtoryjima |
| locative | *vъtoruju | *vъtoruju | *vъtoruju |
| vocative | *vъtoraja | *vъtorěji | *vъtorěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *vъtoriji | *vъtoryję̇ | *vъtoraja |
| genitive | *vъtorъjixъ | *vъtorъjixъ | *vъtorъjixъ |
| dative | *vъtoryjimъ | *vъtoryjimъ | *vъtoryjimъ |
| accusative | *vъtoryję̇ | *vъtoryję̇ | *vъtoraja |
| instrumental | *vъtoryjimi | *vъtoryjimi | *vъtoryjimi |
| locative | *vъtoryjixъ | *vъtoryjixъ | *vъtoryjixъ |
| vocative | *vъtoriji | *vъtoryję̇ | *vъtoraja |
Derived terms
- *vъtorьnikъ (“Tuesday”)
- *vъtorъkъ (“Tuesday”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: въторъ (vŭtorŭ)
- ⇒ Belarusian: паўтара́ць (paŭtarácʹ)
- Russian: второ́й (vtorój)
- Ukrainian: вто́рий (vtóryj)
- Old Novgorodian: *въторе (*vŭtore)
- Old East Slavic: въторъ (vŭtorŭ)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vъtorъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 532
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “второ́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress