Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zьlčь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źulˀkis/*źulˀktis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Lithuanian tulži̇̀s (via metathesis), Latvian žul̂ts, žul̂kts f. Related to *zelenъ (“green”), *zoltъ (“golden”), with possible influence from *žьltъ.

For the semantic relation, compare Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (“gall”), Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) from the same proto-root.

Noun

*zьlčь or *žь̑lčь f[1][2]

  1. bile

Declension

Declension of *zьlčь (i-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *zьlčь *zьlči *zьlči
genitive *zьlči *zьlčьju, *zьlču* *zьlčьjь, *zьlči*
dative *zьlči *zьlčьma *zьlčьmъ
accusative *zьlčь *zьlči *zьlči
instrumental *zьlčьjǫ, *zьlčǫ* *zьlčьma *zьlčьmi
locative *zьlči *zьlčьju, *zьlču* *zьlčьxъ
vocative *zьlči *zьlči *zьlči

* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

  • *zьlčьka (diminutive)
  • *zьlčьnъ (related adjective)
  • *zolkъ (“young vegetation”)
  • *zola (“ashes, dirt”) (possibly)

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: зълчь (zŭlčĭ), жълчь (žŭlčĭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: жолчь (žolčʹ), золчь (zolčʹ), желчь (želčʹ)
        • Belarusian: жоўць (žoŭcʹ)
        • Middle Ukrainian: жовчъ (žovč), жолчъ (žolč), желчъ (želč)
          • Carpathian Rusyn: жовч (žovč)
          • Ukrainian: жовч (žovč)
          • West Polesian: жовть (žovtʹ)
      • Russian: жёлчь (žolčʹ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: зльчь (zlĭčĭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⰸⰾⱐⱍⱐ (zlĭčĭ)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: жу̑ч
      Latin script: žȗč
    • Slovene: žȏłč (tonal orthography)
      • Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): žȍu̯č
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: žlč
    • Old Polish: żółć
    • Polabian: *zåuc; ⇒ zåucnĕk
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: żôłc
    • Slovak: žlč
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: žołč
      • Lower Sorbian: žołc

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жёлчь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “злъч”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 646

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zьlčь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 552
  2. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “žȏlč”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *žь̑lčь, *zь̑lčь”
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