Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ẹ̄r

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ēr

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Unrelated to *erken (“while”) from *er- (“to be”).[1]

Adverb

*ẹ̄r

  1. early

Declension

Declension of *ẹ̄r
singular 3)
nominative *ẹ̄r
accusative *ẹ̄rig, *ẹ̄rni1)
genitive *ẹ̄rniŋ
dative *ẹ̄rke
locative *ẹ̄rte
ablative *ẹ̄rten
allative *ẹ̄rgerü
instrumental 2) *ẹ̄rin
equative 2) *ẹ̄rče
similative 2) *ẹ̄rleyü
comitative 2) *ẹ̄rligü
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Volga Bulgar: *ار (er), ارلا (erle)
  • Proto-Common Turkic:

References

  1. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “erken”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 224
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 202-203
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 302-306, 369-370
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 79
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 46
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ẹ̄r”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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