Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kum

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*kum

  1. sand
    Synonym: *kayïr

Declension

Declension of *kum
singular 3)
nominative *kum
accusative *kumug, *kumnï1)
genitive *kumnuŋ
dative *kumka
locative *kumda
ablative *kumdan
allative *kumgaru
instrumental 2) *kumun
equative 2) *kumča
similative 2) *kumlayu
comitative 2) *kumlugu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: قوم (qum)
      • Azerbaijani: qum
      • Gagauz: kum
      • Ottoman Turkish: قوم (kum) (see there for further descendants)
    • Salar: gum
    • Turkmen: gum
  • Kipchak:
  • Karluk:
  • Siberian:
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Old Turkic:
        • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qum)
      • Sayan Turkic:
      • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Northern Altai: кубак (kubak) (Kumandy), кум (kum) (Chelkan)
      • Western Yugur: qum

References

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