kum

kum

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kumyk.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Kumyk terms

From kú (“thy”) +‎ -m.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkum/ [ˈkʊm]
• Hyphenation: kum

kúm (predicative kúumu or kuumú)

1. thine, yours

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “kum”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 67
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

From Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”)

kum (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

1. sand

From Proto-Turkic *kum.

kum

1. sand

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “kum”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

kum (Raguileo spelling)

1. Of dark red colour.

• kem (Föhr-Amrum)
• kaame (Mooring)

From Old Frisian koma, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną.

kum

1. (Sylt) to come

From Middle Low German kum, kumme (compare German Low German Kumme (“bowl”)).

• IPA^(key): /kum/
• Rhymes: -um

kum m (definite singular kummen, indefinite plural kummer, definite plural kummene)

1. sink
2. manhole

• mannhull (manhole)

• “kum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Middle Low German kum, kumme (compare German Low German Kumme (“bowl”)).

• IPA^(key): /kum/
• Rhymes: -um

kum m (definite singular kummen, indefinite plural kummar, definite plural kummane)

1. sink
2. manhole

• “kum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkum/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -um
• Syllabification: kum

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin compater.

kum m pers (female equivalent kuma or kumoszka or (dialectal) kumola)

1. godfather
2. (colloquial) chum

Onomatopoeic.

kum

1. ribbit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

kum f

1. genitive plural of kuma

• kum in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• kum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin compater.

• IPA^(key): /kûːm/

kȗm m anim (Cyrillic spelling ку̑м)

1. godfather
2. best man

   vjenčani kum ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• vjenčani svjedok (best man)

• “kum”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوم (Turkish kum (“sand”)).

• IPA^(key): /kûm/

kȕm m inan (Cyrillic spelling ку̏м)

1. (uncountable) sand

   Synonym: pijesak

• “kum”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

From Serbo-Croatian kum.

• IPA^(key): /kûːm/

kum m

1. godfather
   • 2010, Natalina Spadanuda, Le renard et le loup:

     Kum, ja znam di je na masarija di, unutra, jesu čuda stvari za jist. Što gorivaš, šma po?

     Godfather, I know where there is a farm where there are many things to eat inside. What do you say, shall we go?

• Breu, W., Mader Skender, M. B. & Piccoli, G. 2013. Oral texts in Molise Slavic (Italy): Acquaviva Collecroce. In Adamou, E., Breu, W., Drettas, G. & Scholze, L. (eds.). 2013. EuroSlav2010: Elektronische Datenbank bedrohter slavischer Varietäten in nichtslavophonen Ländern Europas – Base de données électronique de variétés slaves menacées dans des pays européens non slavophones. Konstanz: Universität / Paris: Lacito (Internet Publication).

kum

1. romanization of 𒄣 (kum)

kum m

1. tuft of hair

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قوم (kum, “sand, gravel”), from Old Anatolian Turkish قوم (qum), from Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈkum/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kum

kum (definite accusative kumu, plural kumlar)

1. sand

   kum gibi kaynamak ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. hard grains in the fleshy parts of fruits such as pears, quinces, etc.
3. (medicine) gravel, nephrolith, a deposit of calculous concretions in the kidneys and the bladder

• “kum”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “kum”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kum”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Eren, Hasan (1999) “kum”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎^[2] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi
• “kum”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982

kúm, kŭm

1. water

• Čestmír Loukotka, Documents et vocabulaires inédits de langues et de dialectes Sud Américains, JSAP 52: 7-60 (1963), page 19