Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bīr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

**Proto-Turkic numbers ^(edit)**
	10
	1	2 →	10 →
Cardinal: bīr Ordinal: bīrinč, ilik Distributive: bīrer Collective: *bīregü

Numeral

*bīr

one

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: بىر (bîr), برم (birim, “first”)
  - Chuvash: пӗр (pĕr)
Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: bî
Oghuz:
- Proto-Oghuz: بِيْر^[1]
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: بر (bir)
    - Azerbaijani: bir
    - Gagauz: bir
    - Ottoman Turkish: بر (bir, “one”)
      - Turkish: bir
  - Turkmen: bir
  - Salar: bir
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بيٖرْ (bir)
  - Khorezmian Turkic:
    - Chagatai:
      - Uyghur: بىر (bir)
      - Uzbek: bir
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: бер (ber)
  - Tatar: бер (ber) / ber
- South Kipchak:
  - Kipchak-Nogai:
    - Karakalpak: bir
    - Kazakh: бір (bır)
    - Nogai: бир (bir)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Southern Altai: бир (bir)
    - Kyrgyz: бир (bir)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: бир (bir), bir
  - Karachay-Balkar: бир (bir)
  - Karaim: бир
  - Krymchak: быр
  - Kumyk: бир (bir)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /⁠bir⁠/)
- Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽶𐽾 (pyr /⁠bir⁠/)
  - Western Yugur: bər (per)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: биир (bīr)
  - Yakut: биир (biir)
- South Siberian:
  - Chulym: пир (pir)
  - Altai-Yenisei Turkic:
    - Northern Altai: бир (bir), пир (pir) (dialect), вир (vir) (dialect)
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: бір, бірәә
    - Tuvan: бир (bir)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: пір (pìr)
    - Shor: пир (pir)

References

^ ibn Fadlan, Ahmad (921-922) Ramazan Şeşen, transl., Ibn Fadlan Seyahatnamesi [Travel Book of Ibn Fadlan] (in Turkish), 2022 edition, İstanbul: Yeditepe, published 2010, →ISBN, page ١٣

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bi̯uri”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Fadlan, Ahmad (921-922) Ramazan Şeşen, transl., Ibn Fadlan Seyahatnamesi [Travel Book of Ibn Fadlan] (in Turkish), 2022 edition, İstanbul: Yeditepe, published 2010, →ISBN, page ١٣

[1]