Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bel-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compare Middle Mongol [script needed] (belge).

Verb

*bel-

to denote, designate

Derived terms

*bel-gü
- *bel-gü-r-
*bel-ig
*bel-ik

Descendants

→? Middle Mongol: [script needed] (belge)
- → Turkish: belge
  - → Gagauz: belge
- → Azerbaijani: bəlgə
⇒ Proto-Turkic: *belig

Oghur:
- Proto-Oghur:
  - Proto-Bulgar:
    - → Hungarian: bélyeg
    - Volga Bulgar: بَلُو (belüv, “monument”)
      - Chuvash: палӑ (pală), паллӑ (pallă)
    - Danube Bulgar:
      - → Old Church Slavonic: БЕЛЕГ (BELEG), БИЛЕГ (BILEG)
        Bulgarian: белег (beleg)
        
        Macedonian: белег (beleg)
        
        Serbo-Croatian: белег
Common Turkic:
- Oghuz: *belig, *beliglik, *beliglig
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: بللو (bellü)
    - Azerbaijani: bəlli
    - Gagauz: belli
    - Ottoman Turkish: بللی (belli), بللو (bellü)
      - Turkish: bel, bel etmek, bellik, belli
  - Turkmen: bellik, belli

⇒ Proto-Oghur: *belik
- Chuvash: палӑк (palăk)
  - → Eastern Mari: палык (palyk)
⇒ Proto-Turkic: *beligle-

Oghur:
- Chuvash: палла (palla)
Common Turkic:
- Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: بللولمك (bellülemek)
    - Azerbaijani: bəlləmək
    - Ottoman Turkish:
      - Turkish: bellemek
  - Turkmen: bellemek
- Kipchak:
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: белдеу (beldeu)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *belgü

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: bəlgiyyə
  - Ottoman Turkish:
    - Turkish: belgi
- Turkmen: belgi
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بَلْكُو (belgü), 𐽼𐽰𐾁𐽷𐽳 (pʾlkw /⁠belgü⁠/)
  - Uzbek: belgi
  - Uyghur: [script needed] (bälgü)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: билге (bilge)
  - Tatar: билге (bilge)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: belgi
  - Karaim: belgi
  - Kumyk: белги (belgi)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: belgi
    - Kazakh: белгі (belgı)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: белги (belgi)
    - Southern Altai: белги (belgi)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (belgü)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: бэлиэ (belie)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *belgür-

Oghur:
- Chuvash: палӑр (palăr)
Common Turkic:
- Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: بلورمك (belürmek)
    - Azerbaijani: bəlirmək
    - Ottoman Turkish: بلورمك (belürmek, belirmek)
      - Turkish: belirmek
- Karluk:
  - Karakhanid: بَلْكُرْماكْ (belgürmek)
- Kipchak:
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: билгереү (bilgerew)