Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/küreš-
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Uncertain, with multiple possibilities:
- Nişanyan derives it from a hypothetical *küre- "to show strength", derived from *kür (“courageous, bold, dense, thick”).
- Erdal suggests a derivation from *küre- (“to desert, make oneself independent”) which he ultimately derives from *kür (“courageous, bold, dense, thick”).
- Clauson derives it from *küri- ~ *küre- (“to shovel”).
- Wilkens compares with Khotanese ggūrāsa- (“quarrel, dispute”)[1] but does not elaborate.
- EDAL reconstructs *gerüĺ- based on *keriš- (“to quarrel”), however this is considered a seperate word derived from *ker- (“to stretch”).[2][3]
Verb
*küreš-
- (Common Turkic, reciprocal) to wrestle
Conjugation
Conjugation of *küreš- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *kürešmek | |||||||
| participle | present | *kürešgen, kürešigme, kürešür | ||||||
| past | *kürešdük, kürešmiš | |||||||
| future | *kürešdeči, kürešmekči, kürešsik, kürešeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *kürešme, kürešig, kürešgü | |||||||
| way of doing | *kürešiš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *kürešür ben | *kürešür sen | *kürešür | *kürešür biz | *kürešür siz | *kürešür | |
| past | simple | *kürešdim | *kürešdiŋ | *kürešdi | *kürešdik, kürešdimiz | *kürešdiŋiz | *kürešdi | |
| inferential | *kürešmiš ben | *kürešmiš sen | *kürešmiš | *kürešmiš biz | *kürešmiš siz | *kürešmiš | ||
| future | simple | *kürešdeči ben, kürešmekči ben, kürešeček ben | *kürešdeči sen, kürešmekči sen, kürešeček sen | *kürešdeči, kürešmekči, kürešeček | *kürešdeči biz, kürešmekči biz, kürešeček biz | *kürešdeči siz, kürešmekči siz, kürešeček siz | *kürešdeči, kürešmekči, kürešeček | |
| predictive | *kürešgey ben | *kürešgey sen | *kürešgey | *kürešgey biz | *kürešgey siz | *kürešgey | ||
| necessitive | *kürešsikim | *kürešsikiŋ | *kürešsik | *kürešsikimiz | *kürešsikiŋiz | *kürešsik | ||
| conditional | *kürešsem, kürešser ben | *kürešseŋ, kürešser sen | *kürešse, kürešser | *kürešsek, kürešsemiz, kürešser biz | *kürešseŋiz, kürešser siz | *kürešseler, kürešser | ||
| optative | *kürešgey ben | *kürešgey sen | *kürešgey | *kürešgey biz | *kürešgey siz | *kürešgey | ||
| progressive | *kürešmekde ben | *kürešmekde sen | *kürešmekde | *kürešmekde biz | *kürešmekde siz | *kürešmekde | ||
| necessitative | *kürešmelig ben | *kürešmelig sen | *kürešmelig | *kürešmelig biz | *kürešmelig siz | *kürešmelig | ||
| imperative | *kürešeyin | *küreš, kürešgil | *kürešzün | *kürešelim | *kürešiŋ | *kürešzün | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *kürešmemek | |||||||
| participle | present | *kürešmegen, kürešmegme, kürešmez | ||||||
| past | *kürešmedük, kürešmemiš | |||||||
| future | *kürešmeči, kürešmesik, kürešmeyeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *kürešmeme, kürešmeg, kürešmegü | |||||||
| way of doing | *kürešmeyiš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *kürešmez ben | *kürešmez sen | *kürešmez | *kürešmez biz | *kürešmez siz | *kürešmez | |
| past | simple | *kürešmedim | *kürešmediŋ | *kürešmedi | *kürešmedik, kürešmedimiz | *kürešmediŋiz | *kürešmedi | |
| inferential | *kürešmemiš ben | *kürešmemiš sen | *kürešmemiš | *kürešmemiš biz | *kürešmemiš siz | *kürešmemiš | ||
| future | simple | *kürešmeči ben, kürešmeyeček ben | *kürešmeči sen, kürešmeyeček sen | *kürešmeči, kürešmeyeček | *kürešmeči biz, kürešmeyeček biz | *kürešmeči siz, kürešmeyeček siz | *kürešmeči, kürešmeyeček | |
| predictive | *kürešmegey ben | *kürešmegey sen | *kürešmegey | *kürešmegey biz | *kürešmegey siz | *kürešmegey | ||
| necessitive | *kürešmesikim | *kürešmesikiŋ | *kürešmesik | *kürešmesikimiz | *kürešmesikiŋiz | *kürešmesik | ||
| conditional | *kürešmesem, kürešmeser ben | *kürešmeseŋ, kürešmeser sen | *kürešmese, kürešmeser | *kürešmesek, kürešmesemiz, kürešmeser biz | *kürešmeseŋiz, kürešmeser siz | *kürešmeseler, kürešmeser | ||
| optative | *kürešmegey ben | *kürešmegey sen | *kürešmegey | *kürešmegey biz | *kürešmegey siz | *kürešmegey | ||
| progressive | *kürešmemekde ben | *kürešmemekde sen | *kürešmemekde | *kürešmemekde biz | *kürešmemekde siz | *kürešmemekde | ||
| necessitative | *kürešmemelig ben | *kürešmemelig sen | *kürešmemelig | *kürešmemelig biz | *kürešmemelig siz | *kürešmemelig | ||
| imperative | *kürešmeyeyin | *kürešme, kürešmegil | *kürešmezün | *kürešmeyelim | *kürešmeyiŋ | *kürešmezün | ||
Derived terms
- *küreš (“wrestling”)
Descendants
- Common Turkic:
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
- Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kürešmek)
- North Siberian:
- Yakut: күрэс (küres)
- South Siberian:
- Sayan:
- Tuvan: хүреш (xüreş)
- Sayan:
- Old Turkic:
References
- ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 87-88
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “keriş-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 747
- ^ Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation[1], volume II, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 561
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “küreş-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 747-748
- Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation[2], volume II, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 563
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “güreşmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 310
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*gErüĺ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 444