Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/taya-
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Nişanyan considers a possible derivation from *tay which he does not consider to necessarily be the same word as *tay (“colt”), however he still semantically compares French poutre (“beam”) from Latin pullus (“colt”) and Ottoman Turkish مرتك (mertek, “beam”) ultimately from Persian مردک (mardak, “little man”).
Verb
*taya-
- (Common Turkic, transitive) to prop up
Conjugation
Conjugation of *taya- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *tayamak | |||||||
| participle | present | *tayagan, tayagma, tayar | ||||||
| past | *tayaduk, tayamïš | |||||||
| future | *tayadačï, tayamakčï, tayasïk, tayayačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *tayama, tayag, tayagu | |||||||
| way of doing | *tayaš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *tayar ben | *tayar sen | *tayar | *tayar biz | *tayar siz | *tayar | |
| past | simple | *tayadïm | *tayadïŋ | *tayadï | *tayadïk, tayadïmïz | *tayadïŋïz | *tayadï | |
| inferential | *tayamïš ben | *tayamïš sen | *tayamïš | *tayamïš biz | *tayamïš siz | *tayamïš | ||
| future | simple | *tayadačï ben, tayamakčï ben, tayayačak ben | *tayadačï sen, tayamakčï sen, tayayačak sen | *tayadačï, tayamakčï, tayayačak | *tayadačï biz, tayamakčï biz, tayayačak biz | *tayadačï siz, tayamakčï siz, tayayačak siz | *tayadačï, tayamakčï, tayayačak | |
| predictive | *tayagay ben | *tayagay sen | *tayagay | *tayagay biz | *tayagay siz | *tayagay | ||
| necessitive | *tayasïkïm | *tayasïkïŋ | *tayasïk | *tayasïkïmïz | *tayasïkïŋïz | *tayasïk | ||
| conditional | *tayasam, tayasar ben | *tayasaŋ, tayasar sen | *tayasa, tayasar | *tayasak, tayasamïz, tayasar biz | *tayasaŋïz, tayasar siz | *tayasalar, tayasar | ||
| optative | *tayagay ben | *tayagay sen | *tayagay | *tayagay biz | *tayagay siz | *tayagay | ||
| progressive | *tayamakda ben | *tayamakda sen | *tayamakda | *tayamakda biz | *tayamakda siz | *tayamakda | ||
| necessitative | *tayamalïg ben | *tayamalïg sen | *tayamalïg | *tayamalïg biz | *tayamalïg siz | *tayamalïg | ||
| imperative | *tayayayïn | *taya, tayagïl | *tayazun | *tayayalïm | *tayayïŋ | *tayazun | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *tayamamak | |||||||
| participle | present | *tayamagan, tayamagma, tayamaz | ||||||
| past | *tayamaduk, tayamamïš | |||||||
| future | *tayamačï, tayamasïk, tayamayačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *tayamama, tayamag, tayamagu | |||||||
| way of doing | *tayamaš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *tayamaz ben | *tayamaz sen | *tayamaz | *tayamaz biz | *tayamaz siz | *tayamaz | |
| past | simple | *tayamadïm | *tayamadïŋ | *tayamadï | *tayamadïk, tayamadïmïz | *tayamadïŋïz | *tayamadï | |
| inferential | *tayamamïš ben | *tayamamïš sen | *tayamamïš | *tayamamïš biz | *tayamamïš siz | *tayamamïš | ||
| future | simple | *tayamačï ben, tayamayačak ben | *tayamačï sen, tayamayačak sen | *tayamačï, tayamayačak | *tayamačï biz, tayamayačak biz | *tayamačï siz, tayamayačak siz | *tayamačï, tayamayačak | |
| predictive | *tayamagay ben | *tayamagay sen | *tayamagay | *tayamagay biz | *tayamagay siz | *tayamagay | ||
| necessitive | *tayamasïkïm | *tayamasïkïŋ | *tayamasïk | *tayamasïkïmïz | *tayamasïkïŋïz | *tayamasïk | ||
| conditional | *tayamasam, tayamasar ben | *tayamasaŋ, tayamasar sen | *tayamasa, tayamasar | *tayamasak, tayamasamïz, tayamasar biz | *tayamasaŋïz, tayamasar siz | *tayamasalar, tayamasar | ||
| optative | *tayamagay ben | *tayamagay sen | *tayamagay | *tayamagay biz | *tayamagay siz | *tayamagay | ||
| progressive | *tayamamakda ben | *tayamamakda sen | *tayamamakda | *tayamamakda biz | *tayamamakda siz | *tayamamakda | ||
| necessitative | *tayamamalïg ben | *tayamamalïg sen | *tayamamalïg | *tayamamalïg biz | *tayamamalïg siz | *tayamamalïg | ||
| imperative | *tayamayayïn | *tayama, tayamagïl | *tayamazun | *tayamayalïm | *tayamayïŋ | *tayamazun | ||
Derived terms
- *tayan- (“to lean on, resist, support oneself”)
- *tayak (“support, prop; walking stick”)
Descendants
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: تَياماقْ (tayāmāq)
- Uzbek: tayamoq
- Karakhanid: تَياماقْ (tayāmāq)
- Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (taya-)
- North Siberian:
- Yakut: тайаа (tayaa)
- Old Turkic:
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “taya:-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 567
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dayamak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 455
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill