Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yïr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yïr

song

Declension

Declension of *yïr
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*yïr
accusative	yïrïg, yïrnï¹⁾
genitive	*yïrnïŋ
dative	*yïrka
locative	*yïrta
ablative	*yïrtan
allative	*yïrgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*yïrïn
equative ²⁾	*yïrča
similative ²⁾	*yïrlayu
comitative ²⁾	*yïrlïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: юрӑ (jură)
Proto-Common Turkic: *yïr

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: ایر (ır), ار (ır), یر (yır)
  - Ottoman Turkish: ییر (yır), ایر (ır)
    - Turkish: yır, ır
- Salar: yür
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: یِرْ (yïr), اِرْ (ïr)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: йыр (yır)
  - Tatar: җыр (cır)
- West Kipchak:
  - Kumyk: йыр (yır)
  - Karachay-Balkar: джыр (cır)
  - Crimean Tatar: yır
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: ыр (ır)
  - Southern Altai: ыр (ïr)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: жыр
  - Kazakh: жыр (jyr)
  - Nogai: йыр (yır)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽶𐽾 (ïr)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: ырыа
  - Yakut: ырыа (ırıa)
- South Siberian:
  - Chulym: ыр
  - Northern Altai: ыр (ïr)
  - Khakas: ыр (ır)
  - Shor: ыр
  - Tofa: ыр
  - Tuvan: ыр (ır)
  - Western Yugur: yer

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 192
Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21)‎^[1] (in German), volume IV, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 233
Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 285
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 166, 201
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ɨr”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jɨr”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[3], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 610