Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yaŋša-
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Cognate with the more common Proto-Turkic *yaŋra-, however it is morphologically obscure.
Verb
*yaŋša-
Conjugation
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Conjugation of *yaŋša- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *yaŋšamak | |||||||
| participle | present | *yaŋšagan, yaŋšagma, yaŋšar | ||||||
| past | *yaŋšaduk, yaŋšamïš | |||||||
| future | *yaŋšadačï, yaŋšamakčï, yaŋšasïk, yaŋšayačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *yaŋšama, yaŋšag, yaŋšagu | |||||||
| way of doing | *yaŋšaš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *yaŋšar ben | *yaŋšar sen | *yaŋšar | *yaŋšar biz | *yaŋšar siz | *yaŋšar | |
| past | simple | *yaŋšadïm | *yaŋšadïŋ | *yaŋšadï | *yaŋšadïk, yaŋšadïmïz | *yaŋšadïŋïz | *yaŋšadï | |
| inferential | *yaŋšamïš ben | *yaŋšamïš sen | *yaŋšamïš | *yaŋšamïš biz | *yaŋšamïš siz | *yaŋšamïš | ||
| future | simple | *yaŋšadačï ben, yaŋšamakčï ben, yaŋšayačak ben | *yaŋšadačï sen, yaŋšamakčï sen, yaŋšayačak sen | *yaŋšadačï, yaŋšamakčï, yaŋšayačak | *yaŋšadačï biz, yaŋšamakčï biz, yaŋšayačak biz | *yaŋšadačï siz, yaŋšamakčï siz, yaŋšayačak siz | *yaŋšadačï, yaŋšamakčï, yaŋšayačak | |
| predictive | *yaŋšagay ben | *yaŋšagay sen | *yaŋšagay | *yaŋšagay biz | *yaŋšagay siz | *yaŋšagay | ||
| necessitive | *yaŋšasïkïm | *yaŋšasïkïŋ | *yaŋšasïk | *yaŋšasïkïmïz | *yaŋšasïkïŋïz | *yaŋšasïk | ||
| conditional | *yaŋšasam, yaŋšasar ben | *yaŋšasaŋ, yaŋšasar sen | *yaŋšasa, yaŋšasar | *yaŋšasak, yaŋšasamïz, yaŋšasar biz | *yaŋšasaŋïz, yaŋšasar siz | *yaŋšasalar, yaŋšasar | ||
| optative | *yaŋšagay ben | *yaŋšagay sen | *yaŋšagay | *yaŋšagay biz | *yaŋšagay siz | *yaŋšagay | ||
| progressive | *yaŋšamakda ben | *yaŋšamakda sen | *yaŋšamakda | *yaŋšamakda biz | *yaŋšamakda siz | *yaŋšamakda | ||
| necessitative | *yaŋšamalïg ben | *yaŋšamalïg sen | *yaŋšamalïg | *yaŋšamalïg biz | *yaŋšamalïg siz | *yaŋšamalïg | ||
| imperative | *yaŋšayayïn | *yaŋša, yaŋšagïl | *yaŋšazun | *yaŋšayalïm | *yaŋšayïŋ | *yaŋšazun | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *yaŋšamamak | |||||||
| participle | present | *yaŋšamagan, yaŋšamagma, yaŋšamaz | ||||||
| past | *yaŋšamaduk, yaŋšamamïš | |||||||
| future | *yaŋšamačï, yaŋšamasïk, yaŋšamayačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *yaŋšamama, yaŋšamag, yaŋšamagu | |||||||
| way of doing | *yaŋšamaš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *yaŋšamaz ben | *yaŋšamaz sen | *yaŋšamaz | *yaŋšamaz biz | *yaŋšamaz siz | *yaŋšamaz | |
| past | simple | *yaŋšamadïm | *yaŋšamadïŋ | *yaŋšamadï | *yaŋšamadïk, yaŋšamadïmïz | *yaŋšamadïŋïz | *yaŋšamadï | |
| inferential | *yaŋšamamïš ben | *yaŋšamamïš sen | *yaŋšamamïš | *yaŋšamamïš biz | *yaŋšamamïš siz | *yaŋšamamïš | ||
| future | simple | *yaŋšamačï ben, yaŋšamayačak ben | *yaŋšamačï sen, yaŋšamayačak sen | *yaŋšamačï, yaŋšamayačak | *yaŋšamačï biz, yaŋšamayačak biz | *yaŋšamačï siz, yaŋšamayačak siz | *yaŋšamačï, yaŋšamayačak | |
| predictive | *yaŋšamagay ben | *yaŋšamagay sen | *yaŋšamagay | *yaŋšamagay biz | *yaŋšamagay siz | *yaŋšamagay | ||
| necessitive | *yaŋšamasïkïm | *yaŋšamasïkïŋ | *yaŋšamasïk | *yaŋšamasïkïmïz | *yaŋšamasïkïŋïz | *yaŋšamasïk | ||
| conditional | *yaŋšamasam, yaŋšamasar ben | *yaŋšamasaŋ, yaŋšamasar sen | *yaŋšamasa, yaŋšamasar | *yaŋšamasak, yaŋšamasamïz, yaŋšamasar biz | *yaŋšamasaŋïz, yaŋšamasar siz | *yaŋšamasalar, yaŋšamasar | ||
| optative | *yaŋšamagay ben | *yaŋšamagay sen | *yaŋšamagay | *yaŋšamagay biz | *yaŋšamagay siz | *yaŋšamagay | ||
| progressive | *yaŋšamamakda ben | *yaŋšamamakda sen | *yaŋšamamakda | *yaŋšamamakda biz | *yaŋšamamakda siz | *yaŋšamamakda | ||
| necessitative | *yaŋšamamalïg ben | *yaŋšamamalïg sen | *yaŋšamamalïg | *yaŋšamamalïg biz | *yaŋšamamalïg siz | *yaŋšamamalïg | ||
| imperative | *yaŋšamayayïn | *yaŋšama, yaŋšamagïl | *yaŋšamazun | *yaŋšamayalïm | *yaŋšamayïŋ | *yaŋšamazun | ||
Descendants
- Oghuz:
- → Proto-Mongolic: *yaŋsi-
- Mongolian: янших (janšix)
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yaŋşa:-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 953
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
- Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 124
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yavşak1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 85