Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bikkil

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From *bikkjan (“to stab, hack”) +‎ *-il (diminutive suffix).

Noun

*bikkil m

a chip (of stone, bone), pebble, ossicle
Synonyms: *flint, *flintastain, *kesul, *kesulastain
die (game piece)
Synonyms: *bikkilastain, *wurpil

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*bikkil
Genitive	*bikkilas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*bikkil	bikkilō, bikkilōs
Accusative	*bikkil	*bikkilā
Genitive	*bikkilas	*bikkilō
Dative	*bikkilē	*bikkilum
Instrumental	*bikkilu	*bikkilum

Derived terms

*bikkilastain

Descendants

Old Saxon: *bikkil
- Middle Low German: bickel
Old Dutch: *bickil
- Middle Dutch: bickel, pickel, peckel
  - Dutch: bikkel, biggel (dialectal)
Old High German: *bikkil, *bihhil
- Middle High German: bickel
  - Cimbrian: biighel
→ Old French: bille (“small ball, marble”)
- Middle French: bille
  - French: bille

Etymology 2

From *bikkjan (“to stab, hack”) +‎ *-il (agent noun suffix).

Noun

*bikkil m

pickaxe, hoe
Synonyms: *bekkō, *bikkjō, *hauwā

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*bikkil
Genitive	*bikkilas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*bikkil	bikkilō, bikkilōs
Accusative	*bikkil	*bikkilā
Genitive	*bikkilas	*bikkilō
Dative	*bikkilē	*bikkilum
Instrumental	*bikkilu	*bikkilum

Descendants

Old Saxon: *bikkil
- Middle Low German: bickel
- ⇒ Old Saxon: *stēnbikkil
  - Middle Low German: stēnbickel, steinbickel, stēnbikil, steinbikil
Old Dutch: *bickil
- Middle Dutch: bickel, pickel, peckel
  - Dutch: bikkel, biggel (dialectal)
Old High German: *bikkil, *bihhil
- Middle High German: bickel
→ Medieval Latin: billa
- → Old French: bille (see there for further descendants)
- → Spanish: billa