Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bindan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bindaną.

Verb

*bindan^[1]

to bind, to tie

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	*bindan
1st sg. past	*band
3rd pl. past	*bundun
Past ptcple	*bundan
Infinitive	*bindan
Genitive infin.	*bindannjas
Dative infin.	*bindannjē
Instrum. infin.	*bindannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*bindu	*band
2nd singular	*bindiʀi	*bundī
3rd singular	*bindidi	*band
1st plural	*bindum	*bundum
2nd plural	*bindid	*bundud
3rd plural	*bindand	*bundun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*bindē	*bundī
2nd singular	*bindēs	*bundī
3rd singular	*bindē	*bundī
1st plural	*bindēm	*bundīm
2nd plural	*bindēþ	*bundīd
3rd plural	*bindēn	*bundīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*bind
Plural	*bindid
	Present	Past
Participle	*bindandī	*bundan

Descendants

Old English: bindan
- Middle English: binden, bynden
  - English: bind
  - Scots: bind
Old Frisian: binda
- North Frisian:
  Helgoland: bin
  Föhr-Amrum and Sylt: binj
  Mooring: bine
- Saterland Frisian: biende
- West Frisian: bine
Old Saxon: bindan
- Middle Low German: binden
  - Low German: binnen, binden
  - Plautdietsch: binjen
Old Dutch: *bindan
- Middle Dutch: binden
  - Dutch: binden
    - Afrikaans: bind
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: bendi
    - Negerhollands: bind, bint, bin
  - Limburgish: binje
Old High German: bintan, pintan
- Middle High German: binden
  - Bavarian: bindn
  - German: binden
  - Luxembourgish: bannen

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 153: “*bindan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 153: “*bindan”

[1]