Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hōdijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *hōd (“shelter, protection, defense”) +‎ *-jan. Of uncertain ultimate origin regarding connections outside of West Germanic; often compared to Proto-Germanic *hattuz (“hat, hood”) or *hōdaz (“hood”), both perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover, protect”),^[1] but the combination of voiceless and aspirated consonants is not common. Perhaps a substrate word,^[2] or developed from a causative Proto-Indo-European *koHtéyeti.^[3]

Verb

*hōdijan

to shelter; defend; protect against; guard; heed

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*hōdijan
1st sg. past	*hōdidā
Infinitive	*hōdijan
Genitive infin.	*hōdijannjas
Dative infin.	*hōdijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*hōdijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*hōdiju	*hōdidā
2nd singular	*hōdisi	hōdidēs, hōdidōs
3rd singular	*hōdiþi	hōdidē, hōdidā
1st plural	*hōdijum	*hōdidum
2nd plural	*hōdiþ	*hōdidud
3rd plural	*hōdijanþ	*hōdidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*hōdijē	*hōdidī
2nd singular	*hōdijēs	*hōdidī
3rd singular	*hōdijē	*hōdidī
1st plural	*hōdijēm	*hōdidīm
2nd plural	*hōdijēþ	*hōdidīd
3rd plural	*hōdijēn	*hōdidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*hōdi
Plural	*hōdiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*hōdijandī	*hōdid

Descendants

Old English: hēdan, hœ̄dan — Anglian
- Middle English: heden
  - English: heed
  - Scots: hede
Old Frisian: hōda, hūda, *hēda; hōdia (wk2)
- Saterland Frisian: häide, houde, houdje
- West Frisian: hoedje, hoedzje
Old Saxon: hōdian, huodian
- Middle Low German: hôden, hûden, hö̂den, hoeden, hoiden, hoyden, houden, heiden, höden
  - German Low German: höden
Old Dutch: huoden
- Middle Dutch: hoeden
  - Dutch: hoeden
    - Afrikaans: hoed
Old High German: huoten
- Middle High German: hüeten
  - Bavarian: hiatn
  - Cimbrian: hüutan
  - German: hüten
    - → Danish: hytte
  - Luxembourgish: hidden

References

^ Friedrich Kluge (1883) “hüten”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “hoeden”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hōda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238: “*hōdjan-”

[1] Friedrich Kluge (1883) “hüten”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

[2] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “hoeden”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hōda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238: “*hōdjan-”

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