Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kastell

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin castellum.

Noun

*kastell m

castle, fort, stronghold

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kastell
Genitive	*kastellas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kastell	kastellō, kastellōs
Accusative	*kastell	*kastellā
Genitive	*kastellas	*kastellō
Dative	*kastellē	*kastellum
Instrumental	*kastellu	*kastellum

Descendants

Old English: castel, castell, cæstel, ċeastel
- Middle English: castel, castell, castelle, castle, chastel (reinforced by Old French)
  - English: castle
    - → Tongan: kāsolo
  - Scots: castle
  - → Scottish Gaelic: caisteal
Old Saxon: kastel
- Middle Low German: kastêl, castêl, casteyl, kastel, kastell, kastelle
  - German Low German: Kasteel, Kastell
  - → Danish: kastel
  - → Esperanto: kastelo
    - Ido: kastelo
  - → Icelandic: kastali
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: kastell
  - → Swedish: kastell
Old Dutch: *kastel
- Middle Dutch: casteel (reinforced by Old French)
  - Dutch: kasteel
    - Afrikaans: kasteel
    - Negerhollands: kastell
    - → Mahican: găstēnik
    - → Malay: kastil
      - Indonesian: kastel, kastil
    - → Papiamentu: kastel
    - → West Frisian: kastiel
  - Limburgish: kestieël
  - West Flemish: kastêel, kastjil
  - → Middle High German: kastēl
    - German: Kastell (partially)
Old High German: kastel
- Middle High German: kastel, kastēl
  - Cimbrian: khastel
  - German: Kastell (see there for further descendants)
  - → Old Czech: kostel
    - Czech: kostel
    - → Polish: kościół (see there for further descendants)
    - → Slovak: kostol