Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/klauwjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *klawjaną.

Verb

*klauwjan

to claw or scratch

Inflection

Strong class 7 j-present
Infinitive	*klauwjan
1st sg. past	*kleōw
3rd pl. past	*kleōwun
Past ptcple	*klawan
Infinitive	*klauwjan
Genitive infin.	*klauwjannjas
Dative infin.	*klauwjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*klauwjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*klauwju	*kleōw
2nd singular	*klawiʀi	*kleōwī
3rd singular	*klawidi	*kleōw
1st plural	*klauwjum	*kleōwum
2nd plural	*klawid	*kleōwud
3rd plural	*klauwjand	*kleōwun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*klauwjē	*kleōwī
2nd singular	*klauwjēs	*kleōwī
3rd singular	*klauwjē	*kleōwī
1st plural	*klauwjēm	*kleōwīm
2nd plural	*klauwjēþ	*kleōwīd
3rd plural	*klauwjēn	*kleōwīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*klawi
Plural	*klawid
	Present	Past
Participle	*klauwjandī	*klawan

Related terms

*klawēn

Descendants

Old English: clawan; clāwan, *clīeġan (strong class 7)
- Middle English: clawen, cleen
  - English: claw
  - Scots: claw
Old Saxon: *klawian, *klōian
- Middle Low German: klâwen, klowen, klouwen, klöuwen, kleien, kleyen, klayen, klegen, kleigen
  - German Low German: klauen
Old Dutch: *clōien, *clouen
- Middle Dutch: clôyen, clooien, clouwen
  - Dutch: klooien, klauwen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)
Old High German: klawjan
- Middle High German: kleuen, klæwen
  - German: kläuen (dialectal or obsolete), klauen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)