Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sturtijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥-d-yé-ti, from *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”), for which see Proto-Germanic *staraz (“stiff”) for more.[1] Orel takes the term as related to Proto-Germanic *stertaz (“haughty, stately”) (whence Old Norse uppstertr (“idem”)),[2] itself a variant of *sterdaz (“stiff, rigid”) (whence Old Norse stirðr (“idem”)),[3] from a Proto-Indo-European *sterd- (“to be stiff”) implied above, adducing Welsh serth (“stiff, rigid”) as a cognate.[4]

Verb

*sturtijan[1][5]

  1. to fall down, tumble

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *sturtijan
1st sg. past *sturtidā
Infinitive *sturtijan
Genitive infin. *sturtijannjas
Dative infin. *sturtijannjē
Instrum. infin. *sturtijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *sturtiju *sturtidā
2nd singular *sturtisi *sturtidēs, *sturtidōs
3rd singular *sturtiþi *sturtidē, *sturtidā
1st plural *sturtijum *sturtidum
2nd plural *sturtiþ *sturtidud
3rd plural *sturtijanþ *sturtidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *sturtijē *sturtidī
2nd singular *sturtijēs *sturtidī
3rd singular *sturtijē *sturtidī
1st plural *sturtijēm *sturtidīm
2nd plural *sturtijēþ *sturtidīd
3rd plural *sturtijēn *sturtidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *sturti
Plural *sturtiþ
Present Past
Participle *sturtijandī *sturtid
  • *startilōn, *startlōn
    • Old English: steartlian

Descendants

  • Old English: sturtan, styrtan
  • Old Frisian: sterta, stirta
    • North Frisian:
      • Föhr-Amrum: stört
      • Hallig and Ockholm: steerte
      • Mooring: stjarte
    • Saterland Frisian: stäite
  • Old Saxon: *sturtian
  • Old Dutch: *sturten
  • Old High German: sturzen
    • Middle High German: sturzen
      • German: stürzen
      • Luxembourgish: stierzen

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “(s)terd-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1023-1024: “westgerm. *sturtjan”
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*startjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 372
  3. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*stertaz II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 376
  4. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sterđaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
  5. ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “stürzen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 712: “wg. *sturt-ija-”
  6. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2014-2018) “Addenda EWN”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)
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