Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/wes

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

*ʔes (per Werner 2002)
*es (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
*eʧ, *ec (per Cologne group 2024. Pattern: ?-s.1)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *wes (“stretch, spread, wide”) and Eyak -wəs (“to stretch, to spread”).

Perhaps related to *ejš (“sky, weather”).

Noun

*wes (no plural)

(astronomy) sky
(shamanism) paternalistic sky god

Descendants

Ketic:
- Imbak Ket: oësh (Eed-Šeš dialect)
- Ket: есь (ēˑsʲ)
- Yug: ес (ēs)
Kottic:
- Assan: эш (ɛš), эс (ɛs), eč, öš, ös
- ⇒ Assan: aš-parán (“sky”)
- Kott: еш (εš), êš
  - → Shor: ес (ez, “head of the household”)
  - ⇒ Kott: ečā (“upwards”) (used with dative case)
  - ⇒ Kott: ečāl (“above”) (used with locative case)
Arinic:
- Arin: эс (és), ес (es, eš), es
Pumpokolic:
- Pumpokol: еч (eč), etsch, eč

Proto-Pumpokolic: *ur-wet (“rain”, literally “rain-sky”)
- ⇒ Pumpokol: ur-áit (“rain”)

⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *ɬewx-wes (“devil”, literally “forested upland-god”)
- Ketic:
  - Imbak Ket: lɨthes, lɨtse (“devil”, literally “forested upland-god”) (18^th century)
    - Ket: лытись (lɨtísʲ, “devil, forest spirit”)
  - Yug: лытьси (lɨtʲsi)
- Pumpokolic:
  - Pumpokol: lɨcɨ (“devil”)
- →? Tundra Nenets: луца (luca, “Russian”)

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Noun

Descendants

Further reading